BACKGROUND The fermentation inhibition of yeast or bacteria by lignocellulose-derived degradation products, during hexose/pentose co-fermentation, is a major bottleneck for cost-effective lignocellulosic biorefineries. To engineer microbial strains for improved performance, it is critical to understand the mechanisms of inhibition that affect fermentative organisms in the presence of major comp...

Human erythrocyte ghosts were chemically cross-linked with a family of bifunctional cross-linking reagents, imidoesters. Since the reagents are identical in their chemical structures, except for the number of methylene groups, they differ by that distance between the functional groups. The maximum distance is 4.9 A in dimethyl malonimidate, 6.1 A in dimethyl succinimidate, 8.6 A in dimethyl adi...

Human erythrocyte ghosts were chemically cross-linked with a family of bifunctional cross-linking reagents, imidoesters. Since the reagents are identical in their chemical structures, except for the number of methylene groups, they differ by that distance between the functional groups. The maximum distance is 4.9 A in dimethyl malonimidate, 6.1 A in dimethyl succinimidate, 8.6 A in dimethyl adi...

ingolipids (GSLs) from echinoderms, a series of studies on the isolation and structural elucidation of biologically active GSLs have been performed in our laboratory. In the study of the GSLs of the crinoidea, we reported on the isolation and structural elucidation of cerebrosides, inositolphosphoceramide, and the glycosyl inositolphosphoceramide-type gangliosides from the feather star Comanthu...

The development of new reactions is important to improve the toolbox organic chemistry. One way nudge a reaction undergo pathway different from what it normally takes. Stereoinvertive SN2 known be intolerant bulky tertiary carbon centers, which tend proceed through SN1 pathways form racemized products. This leads long-standing challenge in synthesis; that is, how prepare enantiopure compounds s...

•Folate-O-FITC switch CAR-T cells to an activated state in a dose-dependent manner•CAR-T-induced cytotoxicity can be rapidly terminated by the cleavage of folate-O-FITC•CAR-T turned on/off on demand supplementation/cleavage folate-O-FITC•Such switchable regulated manner would not compromise antitumor effects Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-based therapeutics are breakthrough cancer treatment;...