Loud sound exposure exacerbates aminoglycoside ototoxicity, increasing the risk of permanent hearing loss and degrading the quality of life in affected individuals. We previously reported that loud sound exposure induces temporary threshold shifts (TTS) and enhances uptake of aminoglycosides, like gentamicin, by cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs). Here, we explore mechanisms by which loud sound e...

objective: escherichia coli is the most prevalent etiologic agent of urinary tract infections which is the cause of about 80% of cases. enzymatic inactivation of aminoglycosides by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes is the main mechanism of resistance to these antibiotics in escherichia coli. the aim of this study was the detection of aac(3)-iia gene among aminoglycoside resistant clinical isolat...

The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic basis of high level aminoglycoside resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Beijing, China. 173 A. baumannii clinical isolates from hospitals in Beijing from 2006 to 2009 were first subjected to high level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR, MIC to gentamicin and amikacin>512 µg/mL) phenotype selection by broth microdil...

Aminoglycoside are frequently used due to its high efficacy against gram-negative bacteria and positive synergism with other antibiotics against gram-positive organisms. They are commonly used for prevention and treatment of infection complications after cardiothoracic surgery. The principal side effect of this class of antibiotics is nephrotoxicity, which may occur in up to 20% of the exposed ...

Aminoglycosides are hydrophilic, polycationic, aminecontaining carbohydrates that are usually composed of three to five rings. Most aminoglycosides are either natural products or derivatives of soil actinomycetes. They are often secreted by these actinomycetes as mixtures of closely related compounds. The polycationic aminoglycoside chemical structure results in a binding both to the anionic ou...

One mechanism of plasmid-mediated resistance to gentamicin in Escherichia coli strains isolated from animals is due to the synthesis of the aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase type IV. A second mechanism of plasmid-mediated resistance to gentamicin was detected in animal strains of E. coli in France and is due to the production of the aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase type II. The molecular...

Three clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to gentamicin and other aminoglycosides have been examined for antibiotic modifying enzymes. The strains contain a number of these enzymes, most of them similar to those commonly found in aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative strains. All three strains (and a transductant derived from one of them) contain two enzymes mediating gentamic...