BACKGROUND A breath-synchronized nebulization option that could potentially improve drug delivery during noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is currently not available on single-limb circuit bilevel ventilators. The aim of this study was to compare urinary excretion of amikacin following aerosol delivery with a vibrating mesh nebulizer coupled to a single-limb circuit bilevel vent...

The role of megalin in tissue distribution of aminoglycosides was examined in normal rats and maleate-treated rats that shed megalin from the renal brush-border membrane. In normal rats, amikacin administered intravenously accumulated most abundantly in the renal cortex, followed by the renal medulla. No amikacin was detected in other tissues. Tissue distributions of amikacin were well correlat...

The in vitro activity of the dual-action antibacterial agent Ro 23-9424 was compared with those of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, imipenem, and amikacin against 358 aerobes and anaerobes. The MIC ranges, MICs for 50 and 90% of the strains (MIC50s and MIC90s), and percentage of strains susceptible for each agent at the recommended susceptible MIC breakpoint were determined f...

It is generally thought that there is full cross-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis between the aminoglycoside drugs kanamycin and amikacin. However, kanamycin resistance and amikacin susceptibility were seen in 43 of 79 (54%) multidrug-resistant Estonian isolates, indicating that there might be a need to test the resistance of M. tuberculosis isolates to both drugs.

Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (PNTM) infections represent a treatment challenge. Liposomal amikacin for inhalation (LAI) is a novel formulation currently in development for the treatment of PNTM infections. The pulmonary deposition and elimination of LAI and its effect on macrophage function were evaluated in a series of preclinical studies in healthy rats. The pulmonary deposition of ...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Antimicrobial i.v. regional limb perfusion (IV-RLP) is clinically performed on anaesthetised or sedated horses with or without regional anaesthesia. To date, no scientific data are available on the clinical and pharmacokinetic effects of these anaesthetic protocols on antimicrobial IV-RLP, which is believed to result in better tourniquet efficiency due to decreased ...

The rules that govern adaptive protein evolution remain incompletely understood. Aminoglycoside aminotransferase (3') type IIIa (hereafter abbreviated APH(3')-IIIa) is a good model enzyme because it inactivates kanamycin efficiently; it recognizes other aminoglycoside antibiotics, including amikacin, but not nearly as well. Here we direct the evolution of APH(3')-IIIa variants with increased ac...