This paper tests the hypothesis that the football betting market is efficient. Our statistical tests are stronger than those in previous studies, and we examine both NFL and college data over a sample period of fifteen years. Our statistical tests detect two specific biases in the NFL market and an unspecified bias in the college market. We examine the year-to-year consistency and magnitudes of...

PURPOSE To identify factors that influence the outcome of treatment for unilateral amblyopia, as a part of the Monitored Occlusion Treatment of Amblyopia Study (MOTAS). METHODS This was an intervention study consisting of three nonoverlapping phases: "Baseline", "refractive adaptation" (18 weeks of full-time spectacle wear), and "occlusion" (6 hours of patching per day, objectively monitored)...

Abstract Objectives To assess parents’ perceptions about amblyopia and its causes, symptoms, risk factors, treatments, the importance of follow-up to evaluate their awareness regarding consequences critical complications. Results Parents or companions (n = 401) were surveyed, 52.9% mothers, 81.8% mothers 85.7% fathers highly educated (diploma, college university degree), 58 (14.5%) had a child ...

The purpose of this research is to develop models for NFL football games which help identify the important factors in determining outcome game. A variety different methods will be used developing these models: ordinary least squares regression, logistic and proportional odds. Models explain an they also predict based on differences certain in-game statistics.
 Values from thirty-five stati...

Objective: To test blood and CSF neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in relation to disease progression and survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: Using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, NfL levels were measured in samples from 2 cohorts of patients with sporadic ALS and healthy controls, recruited in London (ALS/control, plasma: n 5 103/42) and Oxford (ALS/control,...

PURPOSE Anisometropia is a common cause of amblyopia. The relationship between anisometropia, patient age, and the development of amblyopia is unknown. Photoscreening identifies children with anisometropia in a manner that is not biased by visual acuity and allows a unique opportunity to evaluate how patient age influences the prevalence and depth of anisometropic amblyopia. METHODS A statewi...

PURPOSE To investigate, using optical coherence tomography (OCT), whether retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) is affected in amblyopic eyes. METHODS Using OCT (Stratus OCT™ [Carl Zeiss, Dublin, CA]), the RNFLT was measured in 26 patients with persistent unilateral amblyopia and in 25 patients with recovered unilateral amblyopia. The RNFLT was compared between the affected and fellow e...

HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that National Football League (NFL) players sustaining a shoulder destabilizing injury could return to play (RTP) successfully at a high rate regardless of treatment type. METHODS We identified and evaluated 83 NFL players who sustained an in-season shoulder instability event while playing in the NFL. NFL RTP, incidence of surgery, time to RTP, recurrent instability...

OBJECTIVE Neuronal damage is the morphological substrate of persisting neurological disability. Neurofilaments (Nf) are cytoskeletal proteins of neurons and their release into cerebrospinal fluid has shown encouraging results as a biomarker for neurodegeneration. This study aimed to validate the quantification of the Nf light chain (NfL) in blood samples, as a biofluid source easily accessible ...

PURPOSE We studied the effects of age and intraocular pressure (IOP) on retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in normal eyes. METHODS Data from subjects from the multicenter Advanced Imaging for Glaucoma Study (AIGS) were analyzed. The data included yearly visits from the normal subjects in the AIGS study. Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography...