Question: A 46-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 1-day history of sudden onset colicky central abdominal pain. She had been passing flatus until that morning and her last bowel motion was day before. tolerating diet without any nausea or vomiting. no significant medical otherwise previously fit well throughout life. previous surgery endoscopic procedures. an active smo...

the subject of dividing the quran into “firm and ambiguous” verses and explanation of the interpretation of ambiguous has been considered traditionally by the exegetes of the quran and three subjects of firm; ambiguous; and interpretation have been widely discussed. the identification of the meaning of ambiguous has been mostly discussed and two opinions have more advocates among others. 1) amb...

How to sign an electronic contract online between two parties (say Alice and Bob) in a fair manner is an interesting problem, and has been studied for a long time. Optimistic Fair Exchange (OFE) is an efficient solution to this problem, in which a semi-trusted third party named arbitrator is called in to resolve a dispute if there is one during an exchange between Alice and Bob. Recently, sever...