We review recent progress in understanding certain aspects of the thermodynamics of black holes and other horizons. Our discussion centers on various “entropy bounds” which have been proposed in the literature and on the current understanding of how such bounds are not required for the semi-classical consistency of black hole thermodynamics. Instead, consistency under certain extreme circumstan...

This paper presents a new observer design methodology for a time varying actuator fault estimation. A new linear matrix inequality (LMI) design algorithm is developed to tackle the limitations (e.g. equality constraint and robustness problems) of the well known so called fast adaptive fault estimation observer (FAFE). The FAFE is capable of estimating a wide range of time-varying actuator fault...

We argue that in many circumstances, human observers evaluate sensory evidence simultaneously under multiple hypotheses regarding the physical process that has generated the sensory information. In such situations, inference can be optimal if an observer combines the evaluation results under each hypothesis according to the probability that the associated hypothesis is correct. However, a numbe...

This paper presents a novel method for fabricating nanopillar micropatterns for surface-directed liquid flows. It employs hybrid mask lithography, which uses a mask consisting of a combination of a photoresist and nanoparticles in the photolithography process. The nanopillar density is controlled by varying the weight ratio of nanoparticles in the composite mask. Hybrid mask lithography was use...

Due to the measurement problems encountered in mineral processes, observers are appropriate ingredients of advanced model based control algorithm. The measurement problem can be solved by designing nonlinear observer. This paper discusses the way in which a state observer may be designed to control a special class of nonlinear systems. Focus is put on the pertinent applicability of the scope of...

The application of optimization tools and techniques to operate the reservoir on a Multi-objective basis under the circumstances of climate change is unavoidable. The present study utilizes the Multi-Objective Farmland Fertility Optimization (MOFFA) algorithm to derive optimum rules on the operation of the Golestan Dam in Golestan province under circumstances of climate change. The two targets ...

Direct Combination is a recently introduced user interaction principle. The principle (previously applied in the desktop computing context) and its associated techniques have the capacity in certain circumstances to reduce significantly the degree of search required to operate user interfaces. In this paper we argue that the Direct Combination principle (DC) applies particularly aptly to mobile...

there is a general rule in criminal law, principal of innocence. according to this rule, who asserts must prove. if she succeeds, ,this principal is replaced by pricipal of criminality, (as this pricipal is valid as far as the contrary is not proven). so, it is clear that the validity of this pricipal is based on the circumstances and reasonable inferences from these circumstances. if the situa...

Computing and visualizing features in fluid flow often depends on the observer, or reference frame, relative to which input velocity field is given. A desired property of feature detectors therefore that they are objective, meaning independent frame. However, standard definition objectivity only given for Euclidean domains cannot be applied curved spaces. We build methods from mathematical phys...