INTRODUCTION Inquiries from healthcare providers and patients about the gluten and aluminum content of Synthroid® (levothyroxine sodium tablets) have increased. The objective of this study was to measure and evaluate the gluten content of the raw materials used in the manufacturing of Synthroid. Additionally, this study determined the aluminum content in different strengths of Synthroid tablets...

The transformation of methyl tert-butyl ether ~MTBE! and tert-amyl methyl ether ~TAME! using bifunctional aluminum in the presence of dioxygen ~O2! has been examined. Bifunctional aluminum, prepared by sulfating zero-valent aluminum with sulfuric acid, is an innovative extension of zero-valent metal technology. It has a dual functionality of simultaneously decomposing both reductively and oxida...

Citric acid has been shown to act as an agent for increasing the solubility of aluminum oxyhydroxides in aqueous solutions of high (>2.47 mol/mol) hydroxide-to-aluminum ratios. Conversely, citric acid also colloidally stabilizes particles in aqueous suspensions of aluminum-containing particles. Solutions of aluminum chloride, with and without citric acid added, were titrated with NaOH(aq). The ...

The chemical structure of sodium aluminosilicate glasses is determined by high resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ~XPS! as silicon is gradually replaced by aluminum. A well-defined chemical state is found for silicon, aluminum, and sodium atoms, while three different environments are identified for oxygen atoms corresponding to Si–O–Si, Si–O–Al, and Si–O–Na bonds. The binding energy of...

The metabolism of aluminum was followed in patients who were receiving strictly controlled diets, either unaltered or supplemented with aluminum-containing antacids. Aluminum was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace. All food, water, and medications were analyzed, as were aliquots of urine and stool collected throughout six-day periods. Patients were usually...

According to the World Health Organization, oral ingestion of aluminum additives is the main form of aluminum exposure for the general public. Aluminum salts are added to a range of commercially-prepared foods and beverages: to clarify drinking water, make salt free-pouring, color snack/dessert foods, and make baked goods rise. In the present study, six Wistar rats chronically consumed aluminum...

The reaction of Mo(CO)6 on aluminum films grown on a Mo(1 0 0) substrate at 700 K is explored in ultrahigh vacuum using temperatureprogrammed desorption (TPD) and Auger and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. Reaction with Mo(CO)6 at 700 K results in some oxidation of the outer layer of the aluminum film, and the formation of a molybdenum carbide, which incorporates some oxygen. The carbi...

Kidneys of patients on hemodialysis therapy often undergo structural changes leading to acquired cystic disease. A wide variety of chemical compounds are known to induce experimental renal cystic disease. Since aluminum intoxication has been implicated in the development of encephalopathy, osteomalacia and anemia in uremic patients, this study was designed to investigate whether aluminum admini...

the influence of aluminum on some serum parameters related to bone metabolism has been investigated by daily administration of aluminum over different periods of time. daily administration of aluminum (1 mg/kg bw) for 20 or 50 days elevated serum phosphorous concentration by 16 percent and had no significant effect on serum calcium level. when aluminum was injected as a complex with citric acid...

Alkylation of isobutane and 2-butene was carried out in a continuous unit using triethylamine hydrochloride (Et3NHCl)-aluminum chloride (AlCl3) ionic liquid (IL) as catalyst. The effects of impurities such as water, methanol, and diethyl ether on the stability of the catalytic properties and deactivation of the ionic liquid were studied in the continuous alkylation. In the Et3NHCl-2AlCl3 ionic ...