PURPOSE Environmental initiatives to support walking are keys to noncommunicable disease prevention, but the relevant evidence comes mainly from cross-sectional studies. We examined neighborhood environmental attributes associated cross-sectionally with walking and those associated prospectively with walking maintenance. METHODS Data were from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle st...

Computing meaningful alternative routes in a road network is a complex problem – already giving a clear definition of a best alternative seems to be impossible. Still, multiple methods [1, 2, 4, 17, 18] describe how to compute reasonable alternative routes, each according to their own quality criteria. Among these methods, the penalty method has received much less attention than the via-node or...

Probabilistic methods of risk optimization are applied to specify the most effective arrangements of road tunnels. The total consequences of alternative arrangements are assessed using Bayesian networks supplemented by decision and utility nodes. It appears that the optimization may provide valuable information for a rational decision concerning number of escape routes. Discount rate seems to a...

OBJECTIVE To comprehensively review the progress to date on the development of alternative routes for insulin delivery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Study data were collected through a Medline review. RESULTS Proof of principle has been established for many routes of administration including dermal, nasal, oral, buccal, and pulmonary insulin delivery. CONCLUSIONS Of all the approaches to d...

The transcatheter closure of OstiumSecundum Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a well-established procedure. It is currently considered the procedure of choice due to the good outcomes and low morbidity and mortality. The procedure is routinely performed through the femoral vein approach. However rarely it may not able to deploy the device via femoral route due to obstruction or the interruption of ...

. This paper aims to assess the prospects for diversification of trade routes from China EU, present advantages and disadvantages alternative transport routes. It is especially relevant in connection with six-day blockage Suez Canal by a megaship “Ever Given”, which revealed dangers freight flows concentration on this route world supply chains.

Route accessibility is essential infrastructure, facilitating more convenient transit for individuals. Nonetheless, the seasonal monsoon can lead to flooding and impair of local transportation, especially in hilly-lowland areas. This study aims investigate an alternative route access safe travel from Kota Marudu Kinabalu, Sabah, during floods with GIS path analysis MCDA method. The slope, rainf...