Path diversity works by setting up multiple parallel connections between the end points using the topological path redundancy of the network. In this paper, Forward Error Correction (FEC) is applied across multiple independent paths to enhance the endto-end reliability. Internet paths are modeled as erasure Gilbert-Elliot channels [1], [2]. First, it is shown that over any erasure channel, Maxi...

The IEEE 802.11 standard for ad hoc networks uses a distributed access mechanism in the shared medium that attempts to avoid collisions by perforrning carrier sensing, inter-frame spaces, and a backoff mechanism. This paper aims at deriving an analytical expression for the maximum throughput of a communication between two nodes. The communication is achieved in a multi-hop scenario and the path...

We address the problem of routing packets on multiple, router-disjoint, paths in the Internet using large-scale overlay networks. Multipath routing can improve Internet QoS, by routing around congestions. This can benefit interactive and other real-time applications. One of the main problems with practically achieving router-disjoint multipath routing is the scalability limitation on the number...

In this paper, a replanning framework and a case study based on our learning based robotic replanning framework that can handle unexpected events in dynamic worlds are presented. This study presents an original replanning method which uses an alternative based action selection mechanism to select the most efficient action path among possible alternative action paths. The method stores the costs...

This study estimates earnings function parameters across alternative occupational paths, with an emphasis on identifying rates of return to post-school human capital investment. Based on cross-sectional and synthetic cohort analysis using the 1973-2000 Current Population Surveys, estimates are obtained for men and women on the returns to schooling and the investment intensity, length, and retur...

Motivation: Characterizing the capabilities, criticalities and response to perturbations of genome-scale metabolic networks is a basic problem with important applications. A key question concerns the identification of the potentially most harmful knockouts. The integration of combinatorial methods with sampling techniques to explore the space of viable flux states may provide crucial insights o...

Several turning points in aerospace history are examined to explore possible alternative outcomes and important aspects of the historical significance of the divergences and the impact upon aerospace technology. In early aviation, the aviators Otto Lilien-thal, Samuel Langley, and the Wright Brothers are considered as likely candidates for alternative historical paths. In early rocket developme...

mobile robot navigation is one of the basic problems in robotics. in this paper, a new approachis proposed for autonomous mobile robot navigation in an unknown environment. the proposedapproach is based on learning virtual parallel paths that propel the mobile robot toward the trackusing a multi-layer, feed-forward neural network. for training, a human operator navigates themobile robot in some...

  We consider criticality in project networks having imprecise activity duration times. It is well known that finding all possibly critical paths of an imprecise project network is an NP-hard problem. Here, based on a method for finding critical paths of crisp networks by using only the forward recursion of critical path method, for the first time an algorithm is proposed which can find all pos...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relative power of social relations and social conditions in predicting depression using (CES-D scale) among rural pregnant women belonging to Sind, Pakistan. METHODS The study was conducted from January 2004 tp December 2004. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. During quantitative phase a total of 375 rural pregnant women were inquired about soci...