We present fully nonparametric estimates of the frequency function of elliptical galaxy intrinsic shapes under the axisymmetric and triaxial hypotheses. If elliptical galaxies are assumed to be oblate or prolate, the frequency function of intrinsic shapes is negative for axis ratios near unity due to the lack of apparently round galaxies. Both axisymmetric hypotheses are found to be inconsisten...

We demonstrated a unique monolithic integration of Fresnel elliptical zone plate (EZP) objective on a 2-axis staggered vertical comb-drive micromirror with 500 μm by 800 μm surface area via direct patterning of reflective binary phase modulation elements on a silicon chip. The need for focusing optics is thus obviated, simplifying the micro-endoscope assembly and improving its form factor. The ...

Graphene annulus possesses special wrinkling phenomenon with wide range of potential applications. Using molecular dynamics simulation, this study concerns the effect of boundary on the mechanical properties of circular and elliptical graphene annuli under circular shearing at inner edge. Both the wrinkle characteristic and torque capacity of annular graphene can be effectively tuned by outer b...

Rod-shaped bacteria usually grow in length and place their FtsZ ring and division site at midcell, perpendicular to their long axis [1,2]. Here, we provide morphometric and immunocytochemical evidence that a nematode-associated gammaproteobacterium [3,4] grows in width, sets a constricting FtsZ ring parallel to its long axis, and divides longitudinally by default. Remarkably, the newly describe...

1 Natural climate change: glacial cycles 1 1.1 Climatic cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Milankovitch hypothesis: an introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2.1 Precession, obliquity, and eccentricity . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2.2 Insolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3 Precession and obliquity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8...

-This paper presents an overview of the finite element alternating technique for the analysis of interacting cracks. To illustrate the ease and accuracy of this method the technique is used to analyse several problems associated with both widespread fatigue and multi-site damage, a problem which is attracting worldwide attention. Whilst this paper presents an overview of the technique for both ...

The heart develops from a linear tubular precursor, which loops to the right and undergoes terminal differentiation to form the multichambered heart. Heart looping is the earliest manifestation of left-right asymmetry and determines the eventual heart situs. The signalling processes that impart laterality to the unlooped heart tube and thus allow the developing organ to interpret the left-right...

We investigate strategies for field-free three dimensional molecular axis alignment using strong nonresonant laser fields under experimentally realistic conditions. Using the polarizabilites and rotational constants of an asymmetric top rotor molecule (ethene, C2H4), we consider three different methods for axis alignment of a Boltzmann distribution of rotors at 4 K. Specifically, we compare the...

We propose a method to control the polarization of light by the electro-optic effect in periodically poled lithium niobate. A single integrated chip of Z-cut lithium niobate having two sections is used. The first section is not periodically poled, whereas the second section is. With an electric field applied along the Z axis of the first section and another electric field applied along the Y ax...