in this article, optimal vat rates have been calculated for the three different levels of consumption tax revenue needed by the government. using the data of 10 income groups of the iranian rural and urban households in the period(1378-1386) and applying panel data approach, the almost ideal demand system(aids) were estimated to derive the price and income elasticities. then, the optimal vat ra...

A new information-based approach for estimating systems of many equations with nonnegativity constraints is presented. This approach, called generalized maximum entropy (GME), is more practical and efficient than traditional maximum likelihood methods. The GME method is used to estimate an almost ideal demand system for five types of meat using cross-sectional data from Mexico, where most house...

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We invent Implicit Marshallian Demands, a new type of demand function that combines desirable features of Hicksian and Marshallian demand functions. We propose and estimate the Exact Af ne Stone Index (EASI) Implicit Marshallian Demand system. Like the Almost Ideal Demand (AID) system, EASI budget shares are linear in parameters given real expenditures. However, unlike the AID, EASI demands can...

the aim of this paper is to generalize the‎‎notion of pseudo-almost valuation domains to arbitrary‎ ‎commutative rings‎. ‎it is shown that the classes of chained rings‎ ‎and pseudo-valuation rings are properly contained in the class of‎ ‎pseudo-almost valuation rings; also the class of pseudo-almost‎ ‎valuation rings is properly contained in the class of quasi-local‎ ‎rings with linearly ordere...

Discussion Papers are a series of manuscripts in their draft form. They are not intended for circulation or distribution except as indicated by the author. For that reason Discussion Papers may not be reproduced or distributed without the written consent of the author. Abstract This paper analyzes the responsiveness of Thai outbound tourism to East Asian destinations, to changes in effective re...

The paper develops a measure of consumer welfare losses associated with withheld information about BSE linkage with vCJD. food safety. The Cost of Ignorance (COI) is measured by comparing the utility of the informed choice with the utility of the uninformed one, under condition of improved information. Unlike previous work, based on a single equation demand model, the measure is obtained retrie...