background: the study aimed to examine the association between human leukocyte antigen (hla) class ii allele frequencies and breast cancer in iranian women. methods: a total of 100 patients with pathologically proven breast cancer who referred to cancer institute were randomly selected and compared with a group of age matched healthy blood donors (n = 80). hla class ii alleles were determined b...

Null alleles are that recessive to codominant markers without any effect on the phenotype. In SSR assays, there several reasons for lack of amplification at a locus: primer does not bind well, longer fragments do amplify due imperfections in PCR reaction, or amount DNA sample is insufficient. microsatellite studies, null mostly used pedigree analysis and population genetics calculations such as...

Abstract The present study aimed to assess population structure and phylogenetic relationships of nine subspecies Brassica rapa L. represented with thirty-five accessions cover a wide range species distribution area using isozyme analysis in order select more diverse as supplementary resources that can be utilized for improvement B. napus. Enzyme resulted detecting 14 putative polymorphic loci ...