1 Neural coding basics 1.1 Definitions 1. Response function ρ(t) = j δ(t − t j) where t j are the spikes 2. Firing rate r(t) = lim ∆t→0 1 ∆t t+∆t t ρ(s)ds 3. Spike count n = T 0 ρ(t)dt 4. Average firing rate˜r = 1 T T 0 ρ(t)dt = n T 5. Tuning curve f (s) = avg firing rate given a parameterized stimulus s (typically plotted as a histogram and then fit to some functional form) 6. Stimulus/Respons...

ZnO nanorods with various lengths were synthesized by a two-stage route (by changing the time of growth between 0-240 min) and were characterized using XRD, SEM, UV–Vis and PL techniques. The SEM and XRD results confirmed a fast growth of (0 0 2) plane in the preferential longitudinal orientation, in contrast to lateral growth and therefore, by increasing the time of hydrothermal growth, nanoro...

This paper considers estimation of moving average (MA) models with non-Gaussian errors. Information in higher order cumulants allows identification of the parameters without imposing invertibility. By allowing for an unbounded parameter space, the generalized method of moments estimator of the MA(1) model has classical (root-T and asymptotic normal) properties when the moving average root is in...

The variance ratio test statistic, which is based on k-period differences of the data, is commonly used in empirical finance and economics to test the random walk hypothesis. We obtain the asymptotic power function of the variance ratio test statistic when the differencing period k is increasing with the sample size n such that k/n→ δ > 0. We show that the test is inconsistent against a variety...

The main objective of the present study is to utilize a novel linearization strategy to linearize the convection terms of the quasi-one-dimensional Euler governing equations on collocated grids and to examine its shock-capturing capabilities. To avoid a pressure checkerboard problem on the collocated grids, it is necessary to utilize two velocity definitions at each cell face. Similarly, we def...

Background: The aim of this study was to standardize and develop the health utility index III (HUI3); quality of life questionnaire. This study was conducted for the first time in Iran. Method: Forward-backward translation method was applied in order to translate the Canadian version into Persian. The final version was developed after modifica...