Case-control studies are used to determine if there is an association between an exposure and a specific health outcome. These studies proceed from effect (e.g. health outcome, condition, disease) to cause (exposure). Case-control studies assess whether exposure is disproportionately distributed between the cases and controls, which may indicate that the exposure is a risk factor for the health...

Coalgebras When I started my PhD, the idea that the theory of coalgebras might serve as a general theory of systems had emerged. But there were only a few ad hoc descriptions of speci cation languages for coalgebras which were built, in analogy with logics for algebras, on equational logic and extensions. [2] was one of the rst papers to put forward the idea that modal logics should be used as ...

We regret to report the death of Mr. C. A. Morton, which took place on August 16th during a holiday in Switzerland. Charles Alexander Morton, known to many generations of students as " Peter," was born in Bristol in 1860, where his father, a surgeon in the H.E.I.C.S., lived after his retirement. He was educated at Clifton, and subsequently at St. Bartholomew's. Mr. Stanford Morton, of ophthalmo...

Two finite Alexander quandles with the same number of elements are isomorphic iff their Z[t]-submodules Im(1− t) are isomorphic as modules. This yields specific conditions on when Alexander quandles of the form Zn[t ]/(t− a) where gcd(n, a) = 1 (called linear quandles) are isomorphic, as well as specific conditions on when two linear quandles are dual and which linear quandles are connected. We...

1Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bohlenplatz 21, 91054 Erlangen, Germany 2Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glückstraße 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany 3Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University Erl...

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Department of Physics, Biophysics Group, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlan...