Exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in air (C) have been suspected of contributing causally to increased acute (e.g., same-day or next-day) human mortality rates (R). We tested this causal hypothesis in 100 United States cities using the publicly available NMMAPS database. Although a significant, approximately linear, statistical C-R association exists in simple statistical models, clo...

We have addressed potential contamination of PM(2.5) filter samples by nicotine from cigarette smoke. We collected two nicotine samples - one nicotine sampling filter was placed inline after the collection of PM(2.5) and the other stood alone. The overall correlation between the two nicotine filter levels was 0.99. The nicotine collected on the "stand-alone" filter was slightly greater than tha...

In this paper the influence of heterogeneous traffic on the temporal variation of ambient PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations at a busy arterial route (Sardar Patel Road) in the Chennai city has been analyzed. The hourly PM concentration, traffic counts and average speed of the vehicles have been monitored at the study site for one week (19-25 January 2009). Results indicated that the concentrat...

This article empirically demonstrates the use of fine resolution satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) to develop time and space resolved estimates of ambient particulate matter (PM) ≤2.5 µm and ≤10 µm in aerodynamic diameters (PM(2.5) and PM(10), respectively). AOD was computed at three different spatial resolutions, i.e., 2 km (means 2 km × 2 km area at nadir), 5 km, and 10 km, by using...

A coalition of mine operators has used a variety of tactics to obstruct scientific inquiry and impede public health action designed to protect underground miners from diesel particulate matter. These workers are exposed to the highest level of diesel particulate matter compared with any other occupational group. This case study profiles a decade-long saga of the Methane Awareness Resource Group...

In this paper air quality conditions in Makkah and Leeds are compared. These two cities have totally different climatic conditions. Makkah climate is characterised as hot and dry (arid) whereas that of Leeds is characterised as cold and wet (temperate). This study uses air quality data from 2012 collected in Makkah, Saudi Arabia and Leeds, UK. The concentrations of all pollutants, except NO are...

Galvanic manufacturing is widely employed and can be found in nearly every average city in Russia. The release and accumulation of different metals (Me), depending on the technology used can be found in the vicinities of galvanic plants. Under the environmental protection act in Russia, the regulations for galvanic manufacturing do not include the regulations and safety standards for ambient ul...

In view of the increased importance attached to the gravimetric sampling of airborne dust in mines and other working places, it was recently decided to start regular gravimetric sampling in the experimental animal dusting rooms in this Unit. As no suitable sampling instrument was available, a Hexhlet dust sampler was modified by fitting it with a probe in place of the elutriator. This instrumen...

D. Dockery, A. Elder, M. Frampton, A. Peters, H.E. Wichmann, J. Koenig, J. Froines, and M. Lippmann Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts University of Rochester, Rochester, New York GSF National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany University of Washington, Seattle, Washington University of California, Los Angeles, California New York University Scho...

OBJECTIVES To assess whether adverse acute cardiopulmonary health outcomes are associated with concentration of trace metals in airborne particulate matter. METHODS Daily PM(10) and PM(2.5) were collected for 1 year in Edinburgh, UK, and the water-soluble and total-extractable content of 11 trace metals determined in each sample. Time series were analysed using generalised additive Poisson re...