The next generation of conventional submarines will be submerged for several weeks, creating a need for regenerative air purification methods and new air monitoring instruments. Submarine air is a complex mixture of compounds, where the most obvious contaminant is metabolically produced carbon dioxide. Normal eight-hour occupational exposure limits are not applicable on a submarine, instead spe...

The Cache Valley airshed is in serious threat of exceeding the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for Particulate Matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM 2.5). Although the local airshed approaches both the annual (15 µg m-3) and the 24-hr standard (65 µg m-3), it is the 24-hr standard that is in the greatest danger of exceedance. As of June 2006, the regulatory allowable 98 th ...

Individual and community health can be greatly impacted by poor air quality. Unfortunately air quality metrics are hard for individuals to obtain and are often not precise enough for people to make the inferences they need to construct positive personal health choices. Through the Citisense mobile air quality system we enable users to track their personal air quality exposure for discovery, sel...

This paper reviews methods to evaluate the performance of air quality models, which are tools that predict the fate of gases and aerosols upon their release into the atmosphere. Because of the large economic, public health, and environmental impacts often associated with the use of air quality model results, it is important that these models be properly evaluated. A comprehensive model evaluati...

As a potential member country to the European Union (EU), Latvia has harmonized the national environmental legislation with the EU air quality (AQ) legislation. The AQ management system in the country is being developed in accordance with the requirements laid down in the appropriate EU directives thus introducing advanced management tools based on the AQ modelling. According to the Latvian leg...

According to the Air Quality Framework Directive, air pollutant concentration levels have to be assessed and reported annually by each European Union member state, taking into consideration European air quality standards. Plans and programmes should be implemented in zones and agglomerations where pollutant concentrations exceed the limit and target values. The main objective of this study is t...

A brief history of air pollution Accounts of air pollution in the UK date back to the 13 century. Early occurrences resulted from rapid population growth, urbanisation and changes in fuel use – in particular the medieval switch from wood to coal, especially in brick kilns and domestic fireplaces. Coal combustion in industrial furnaces, boilers and, above all, in domestic fireplaces, was the mai...

Most of the sources of security and privacy issues in RFID technology arise from the violation of the air interface between a tag and its reader. This paper will approach the security risk analysis process from the perspective of the RFID tag life cycle, identify the tag usage processes, identify the associated vulnerability and threat to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the i...

The most common reason for plan repair are the violation of a plan’s temporal constraints. Air Traffic Control is an example of an area in which violations of the plan’s temporal constraints is rather a rule than an exception. In such domains there is a need for identifying the underlying causes of the constraint violations in order to improve plan repairs and to anticipate future constraint vi...