There is world-wide concern that environmental quality is becoming increasingly degraded by the accumulation of multiple human activities. This has become a particularly thorny scientific, legal, and political issue, Concerns of human activities such as pollutant discharges at point sources can first be identified and then regulated directly. However, when there are many and widely dispersed po...

This paper studies the firm-level relationship among productivity, decision to export, and environmental performance. The emerging theoretical and empirical literature suggests that trade has an important role in determining firms’ heterogeneity: increased openness to trade induces a reallocation effect that increases within-industry efficiency, thereby linking firms’ decisions to export and ad...

Air pollution and climate change are closely interlinked, once both share common emission sources, which mainly arise from fuel combustion industrial processes. Climate mitigation actions bring co-benefits on air quality human health. However, specific solutions can provide negative trade-offs for one side. The Portuguese Carbon Neutrality Roadmap was developed to assess conceivable cost-effect...

To examine the efficacy of China’s actions to control atmospheric pollution, three levels of growth of energy consumption and three levels of implementation of emission controls are estimated, generating a total of nine combined activity-emission control scenarios that are then used to estimate trends of national emissions of primary air pollutants through 2030. The emission control strategies ...