A review is presented of the effect of electrostatic discharge (ESD) on the operation of capacitive microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structures. Charge injected into the devices can result in failures due to air gap breakdown, stiction, dielectric breakdown and a no operation mode. The dynamic effects of leaky dielectric layers and air gap space charge are also examined.

in this paper, by using dynamic stochastic general equilibrium, optimal monetary rule derived for central bank of iran. monetary transmission mechanism of the model includes four equations, aggregate demand, aggregate supply, oil price and taylor rule. we have proved that dynamic structure of aggregate demand relation, regarding monetary inflation in iran, is a function of money growth rate. wi...

This study provides an empirical test of two mechanisms (social capital and exposure to air pollution) that are theorized to mediate the effect of neighborhood on health and contribute to racial disparities in health outcomes. To this end, we utilize the Social Capital Benchmark Study, a national survey of individuals nested within communities in the United States, to estimate how multiple dime...

in magnetic abrasive finishing (maf), abrasive grains as a tool move on surface and can removechip from surface of work piece. in this study al 6061 tube was considered as the work piece andthe effect of finishing parameters such as gap distance between tube and poles, rotational speed oftube, abrasive ration and finishing time on surface roughness was investigated. the mixture offerromagnetic ...

when any vehicle runs on the road, it is subjected to bump and potholes which result in vibration that affects the passenger comfort and vehicle handling. The suspension system is an assembly of tires, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connect a vehicle to its wheels and is used to absorb and damp out the road shocks. In designing of suspension, it is characterized by the suspension wh...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the hearing results of revision stapes surgery performed because of previously failed operations and to determine the causes of failure. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review of revision stapes operations. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Sixty-three consecutive revision stapes operations were performed in 56 patients over a period of ...

An Inductively Coupled Power Transfer system (ICPT) of 5 kW that allows an air gap of 20 cm has been studied and developed. The mechanical scheme is shown in Fig. 1. The study has been focused in analyzing the influence of the frequency deviation with respect to the resonant frequency. This study has been carried out as a part in the development of a supply system for electric vehicles both wit...

In induction machines, an eccentrically positioned rotor experienced a strong unbalanced pull toward the short side of the air gap. The non-symmetric flux distribution due to the eccentricity induces circulating currents in the rotor cage and parallel branches of the stator winding. These currents equalise the flux distribution and reduce the unbalanced magnetic pull. In this paper, the effects...

In robotics, Air Muscle is used as the analogy of the biological motor for locomotion or manipulation. It has advantages like the passive Damping, good power-weight ratio and usage in rough environments. An experimental test set up is designed to test both contraction and volume trapped in Air Muscle. This paper gives the characteristics of Air Muscle in terms of contraction of Air Muscle with ...