Subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) weather forecasting has improved in recent years, thanks partly to better representation of physical variables in models. For instance, realistic initializations of snow and soil moisture in models yield enhanced predictability on S2S time scales. Snow depth and soil moisture also mediate month-to-month persistence of near-surface air temperature. Here the role of ...

A strong link exists between stratospheric variability and anomalousweather patterns at the earth’s surface. Specifically, during extreme variability of the Arctic polar vortex termed a ‘‘weak vortex event,’’ anomalies can descend from the upper stratosphere to the surface on time scales of weeks. Subsequently the outbreak of cold-air events have been noted in high northern latitudes, as well a...

Heat waves are among natural hazards with the most severe consequences for human society, including pronounced mortality impacts in mid-latitudes. Recent studies have hypothesized that the enhanced persistence of atmospheric circulation may affect surface climatic extremes, mainly the frequency and severity of heat waves. In this paper we examine relationships between the persistence of the Hes...

Duplication anomalies are quite common with ureteral duplication anomalies being the most frequent. Despite the relatively frequent incidence of a horseshoe kidney and duplication anomalies in any individual patient, the combination of horseshoe kidney and bilateral ureteric duplication is a very rare entity and very few cases have been reported to date. We present a case of a patient with nove...

During El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, atmospheric teleconnections associated with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the equatorial Pacific can influence the ocean thousands of kilometers away. We use several data sets to delineate this “atmospheric bridge” between ocean basins, focusing on two emerging research areas: 1) the evolution of atmosphere-ocean interactions in th...

a four year long research programme divided into four phases has been designed for the first time to assess the combined noise-air quality and combined exposure to noise-air pollution at the curbside open-air microenvironment of kolkata city, india. the results and the findings of the different phases of study had already been published. the objective of the review work is to fuse the findings ...