Cluster I neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which are thought to be pacemakers supporting circadian activity, fire spontaneous action potentials that are followed by a monophasic afterhyperpolarization (AHP). Using a brain slice preparation, we have found that the AHP has a shorter duration in cells firing at higher frequency, consistent with circadian modulation of the AHP. The AHP...

The evaluation process of employee performance has been very vital and critical issue for companies that aim to reward employees for meeting their organizational goals and identify whether or not their objectives are met, and develop necessary action plans so that they can be achieved in near future. This selection process is so essential for companies due to the fact that wrong decisions may n...

In hippocampal and other cortical neurons, action potentials are followed by a slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) generated by the activation of small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels and controlling spike frequency adaptation. The corresponding current, the apamin-insensitive sI(AHP), is a well known target of modulation by different neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine (via M(...

OBJECTIVE New technologies have emerged in recent years for the disinfection of hospital rooms and equipment that may not be disinfected adequately using conventional methods. There are several hydrogen peroxide-based area decontamination technologies on the market, but no head-to-head studies have been performed. DESIGN We conducted a head-to-head in vitro comparison of a hydrogen peroxide v...

27 Parasympathetic cardiac motoneurons (PCMNs) in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) 28 play a key role in regulating cardiac functions. In this study, we examine the effects of 29 maternal diabetes on excitability, action potential (AP) properties, and small 30 conductance Ca 2+-activated K + (SK) currents of PCMNs. Neonatal mice from diabetic 31 (OVE26 female, NMDM) and normal (FVB female, control) mo...

We investigated the spontaneous activity and properties of freshly isolated ventral tegmental area (VTA) principal neurons by whole cell recording and single-cell RT-PCR. The VTA principal neurons, which were tyrosine hydroxylase-positive and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67)-negative, exhibited low firing frequency and a long action potential (AP) duration. The VTA principal neurons exhibite...

Five crossbred wethers (58 kg) fitted with cannulas in the rumen, duodenum, and ileum were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design to study effects of feeding combinations of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw (AHP-WS) and alfalfa hay at restricted intakes on site and extent of nutrient digestion. Additionally, flows and disappearance of N and amino acids (AA) in the small intestine wer...

Availability of finite set of alternative solution for any problem tends to make decision making an inevitable part of today’s opportunistic world. Generally Decision making is made based on various perspectives like psychological, cognitive, normative means. In all situations Cost-Benefit analysis forms the key reason for decision making. Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods make the ...

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is an established decision method used to synthesize judgments and select the best alternative. The AHP literature extensively discusses both theory and case studies for judgments made by one person. However, instances exist when the judgments of a group of individuals are needed for accurate knowledge representation and robust decision making. One such inst...

Screening weapon-systems is a critical task in determining whether a systems development effort will be successful and eventually provide the increased war fighting capability the user had originally envisioned. Weapon system selection is a multi-criteria decision problem that must be accomplished within a constrained resource environment. Several alternatives must be considered and evaluated i...