We formulate a two-settlement equilibrium in competitive electricity markets as a subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium in which each generation firm solves a Mathematical Program with Equilibrium Constraints (MPEC), given other firms’ forward and spot strategies. We implement two computational approaches, one of which is based on a Penalty Interior Point Algorithm and the other is based on a steepe...

Recently, Hazan and Krauthgamer showed [12] that if, for a fixed small ε, an ε-best ε-approximate Nash equilibrium can be found in polynomial time in two-player games, then it is also possible to find a planted clique in Gn,1/2 of size C log n, where C is a large fixed constant independent of ε. In this paper, we extend their result to show that if an ε-best ε-approximate equilibrium can be eff...

Harrington et al. [21] introduced a general framework for modeling tacit collusion in which producing firms collectively maximize the Nash bargaining objective function, subject to incentive compatibility constraints. This work extends that collusion model to the setting of a competitive pool-based electricity market operated by an independent system operator. The extension has two features. Fi...

Multi-leader multi-follower games are a class of hierarchical games in which a collection of leaders compete in a Nash game constrained by the equilibrium conditions of another Nash game amongst the followers. Much of the extant research on this topic is either model specific or relies on weaker notions of equilibria. We observe that when this original game is modified to ensure that the leader...

background: to find out the knowledge, attitude and compliance with standard precautions among doctors working in a terti­ary care hospital. methods: the cross sectional study was conducted during october 2006 in the form of self reporting questionnaire. the question­naire included question about duration of clinical experience, hepatitis b virus vaccination and its antibody titer, knowl­edge a...

The morphological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) range from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Liver biopsy remains the main tool for NASH diagnosis and many histological systems to diagnose and grade NAFLD were proposed. We evaluated the relationship among NAFLD activity score (NAS), histological diagnoses (non-NASH, possible NASH, and definit...

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty hepatitis (NASH) is highly prevalent, mitochondria damage is the main pathophysiological characteristic of NASH. However, treatment for mitochondria damage is rarely reported. METHODS NASH model was established in rats, the protective effects of curcumin were evaluated by histological observation; structure and function assessments of mitochondria; and apoptotic...

Local energy communities are proposed as a regulatory framework to enable the market participation of end-consumers. However, volatile local market-clearing prices, and consequently, cost give rise participants with generally heterogeneous risk attitudes. To prevent increased operational due conservative trading decisions in forward stage, e.g., day-ahead market, we propose via financial hedgin...