Despite the long tradition in economics of trade being seen as net welfareimproving, criticism of trade and hence trade liberalization policies has cropped up from time to time, especially as far as LDCs are concerned. Among the concerns of trade liberalization from the LDC perspective were fears of terms of trade deterioration for primary exporters, the harmful effect of dependence on allegedl...

This paper emphasizes the different nature of cross border liberalization in network related services, such as telcoms, compared to liberalization in goods. In the presence of network externalities, it argues that if two disjoint country service networks involving a small and large country are connected as part of international liberalization, the per capita gain for the small country from acce...

There are several ways to reduce GHG emissions. Governments may introduce climate policies which provide incentives to save energy or directly reduce emissions. Governments may also re-shape existing industrial or trade policies to reduce their negative impacts on GHG emissions. The case of trade policies is particularly interesting. Trade liberalization can foster economic development, thus in...

Morocco is currently about to start reducing industrial protection in the context of its association agreement with the European Union. However, agriculture, which represents the major income source for the disfavored rural population, is the sector that is most strongly protected. In this study, a general equilibrium model of Morocco is used as a laboratory for analyzing the short-run equilibr...

This paper introduces moral hazard into a standard general equilibrium model with heterogeneous …rms, to study the impact of trade liberalization on wage inequality between identical workers. I show that trade liberalization operates on two margins of inequality, generating betweenand within-…rm wage dispersion. While the former channel has been studied in recent papers, the latter is novel in ...

The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization on economic growth in Iranian economy using a Cobb–Douglas production function, which is expanded to take into account political instability and trade liberalization. The empirical results show that in the long run the real export and import duty have positive effect on GDP, while the Labor force and education causes to...

We introduce an easily implemented and flexible calibration technique for partial demand systems, combining recent developments in incomplete demand systems and a set of restrictions conditioned on the available elasticity-estimates. The technique accommodates various degrees of knowledge on cross-price elasticities, satisfies curvature restrictions, and allows the recovery of an exact welfare ...

In an international oligopoly model, this paper investigates interaction between trade liberalization in goods and liberalization in service FDI. Since some services are market-specific and have non-tradable nature, a foreign firm has a higher cost in service provisions compared to its domestic competitor and it can overcome the disadvantage by either outsourcing services to the domestic compet...

This paper reviews international issues in the supply of tobacco and tobacco products, including trade liberalization and globalization. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the theoretical foundations for trade and trade restrictions. This is followed by a description of the treatment of tobacco and tobacco products in recent multi-lateral, regional and bilateral trade agreements, as we...