macroeconomic policies lead to changes in farming system. these changes are accompanied by some most prominent factors that affect soil erosion. change in relative prices and its impact on soil erosion, via induced changes in crop patterns and agricultural practices, are related to policies implemented. one of the major goals of the present study is to emphasize on the flow of trade policies in...

This paper explores whether one of the most important U.S. policies towards Africa of the past few decades achieved its desired result. In 2000, the United States dropped trade restrictions on a broad list of products through the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). Since the Act was applied unilaterally and selectively to both countries and products, we estimate the impact with a triple ...

The current trade of agricultural goods, with connections involving all continents, entails for global exchanges of "virtual" water, i.e. water used in the production process of alimentary products, but not contained within. Each trade link translates into a corresponding virtual water trade, allowing quantification of import and export fluxes of virtual water. The assessment of the virtual wat...

To the extent that trade policy affects trade flows between countries, the ramifications can be far-reaching from an economic growth perspective. This paper examines one aspect of these ramifications, namely the impact of changes in the extent of trade between countries on changes in the rate of reduction in the size of the income gap that exists between them. Export and import data are used as...

While much of the trade liberalisation literature analyses liberalisation effects on trade volumes, we postulate the implications of trade liberalisation for price transmission and market integration between tomato producer and consumer markets under a high and a reduced period of agricultural, import tariffs in Ghana. Our objective is to determine whether price transmission and thus the factor...

this paper analyzes the effects ofexchange policies on iran,s foreign trade, by applying new econometric techniques. in assessing the impacts of depreciation of the national currency on macroeconomic variable, the real rather than nominal exchange rate has been determined to be more appropriate criterion to demonstrate the success or failure ofthe adopted policies. during the period under the s...

Based on official statistics, the analysis of economic efficiency production and sale root vegetables example carrots beets in Moscow region for period 2012-2016 was carried out. Separate indicators largest agricultural holdings are presented: CJSC "Bunyatino" "Kulikovo". It is indicated that conditions import substitution, average annual level profitability by industrial technologies 27-28%. I...

The relevance of the topic is due to need ensure food security in Kazakhstan. goal assess dependence republic on imports, as well justify government measures stimulate import substitution agricultural sector economy: customs and tariff control, lending, direct budget support, procurement commodity interventions, tax price regulation. following methods were used article: general logical, systema...

This study summarises the main agricultural policies in Russia during 2014 and uses a sharp regression discontinuity design over time data from International Trade Centre to estimate short-term effects of exchange rate liberalisation November on import prices Russian food markets. The allowed an expost analysis causal intervention distinguishing effect between product groups other interventions...