The present study reports the effects of aeration and agitation on growth and production of the cyclosporin A (CyA) in batch fermentor cultures of Tolypocladium inflatum MTCC 557. Dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, dry cell wt, CyA titer and sugar utilization were continuously measured and determined. In the first step, the effect of agitation was evaluated by changing the agitation speed in t...

The locally isolated filamentous fungus Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1 was cultivated in a 5 L bioreactor to produce lipid and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). The optimization was carried out using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. A statistical model, second-order polynomial model, was adjusted to the experimental data to evaluate the effect of key operating variables,...

BACKGROUND Active smokers are prevalent within the intensive care setting and place a significant burden on healthcare systems. Nicotine withdrawal due to forced abstinence on admission may contribute to increased agitation and delirium in this patient group. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether management of nicotine withdrawal, with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), re...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a systematic approach to the treatment of pain can reduce agitation in people with moderate to severe dementia living in nursing homes. DESIGN Cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING 60 clusters (single independent nursing home units) in 18 nursing homes within five municipalities of western Norway. PARTICIPANTS 352 residents with moderate to severe dem...

BACKGROUND One of the most common symptoms observed in patients with dementia is agitation, and several non-pharmacological treatments have been used to control this symptom. However, because of limitations in research design, the benefit of non-pharmacological treatments has only been demonstrated in certain cases. The purpose of this study was to compare aroma-acupressure and aromatherapy wit...

Management of analgesia and sedation in the intensive care unit requires evaluation and monitoring of key parameters in order to detect and quantify pain and agitation, and to quantify sedation. The routine use of subjective scales for pain, agitation, and sedation promotes more effective management, including patient-focused titration of medications to specific end-points. The need for frequen...

OBJECTIVE To measure the impact of implementation of the systematic evaluation of pain and agitation by nurses using the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS), the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, and the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) associated with medical staff education in analgesia and sedation management in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. DESIGN Two-phase, prospective, contro...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether humour therapy reduces depression (primary outcome), agitation and behavioural disturbances and improves social engagement and quality-of-life in nursing home residents. DESIGN The Sydney Multisite Intervention of LaughterBosses and ElderClowns study was a single-blind cluster randomised controlled trial of humour therapy. SETTING 35 Sydney nursing homes. P...

Two-dimensional micro-bubble actuator arrays were developed and studied in detail to enhance the hybridization kinetics of a DNA micro-biosensor. The hybridization between a molecular beacon, a kind of oligonucleotide probe, and its complement was investigated in a millimeter-sized PDMS based reaction chamber, where various 2D micro-heater arrays were distributed on the bottom for micro-bubble ...

E MERGENCE agitation (EA) in children, also called postanesthetic or postoperative delirium, agitation, or excitement in children, is a specific pediatric postoperative complication. Its reported incidence ranges from 2 to 80%. This explains in part why it is usually considered as a part of the “normal” emergence process by many pediatric anesthesiologists. However, for those who episodically c...