نتایج جستجو برای: aerosols deposits
تعداد نتایج: 40606 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Aerosols affect the global budgets of O3, OH and CH4 in part through their alteration of photolysis rates and in part through their direct chemistry interactions with gases (a.k.a. “heterogeneous chemistry”). The first effect is evaluated here with a global tropospheric chemistry transport model using recently developed global climatologies of tropospheric aerosols: a satellite-derived aerosol ...
The influence of aerosols on climate is highly dependent on the particle size distribution, concentration, and composition. In particular, the latter influences their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei, whereby they impact cloud coverage and precipitation. Here, we simultaneously measured the concentration of aerosols from sea spray over the North Atlantic on board the exhaust-free sol...
Effects of respirable aerosols of sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfite, and ammonium persulfate on lungs of rats are reviewed. The literature regarding interactions between ozone or nitrogen dioxide and acidic aerosols (ammonium sulfate, sulfuric acid) is discussed. An unexpected interaction between nitrogen dioxide and sodium chloride aerosol is also discussed. An attempt is made to...
Aerosols from biomass burning can alter the radiative balance of the Earth by reflecting and absorbing solar radiation1. Whether aerosols exert a net cooling or a net warming effect will depend on the aerosol type and the albedo of the underlying surface2. Here, we use a satellite-based approach to quantify the direct, top-of-atmosphere radiative effect of aerosol layers advected over the partl...
The effect of aerosol on clouds poses one of the largest uncertainties in estimating the anthropogenic contribution to climate change. Small human-induced perturbations to cloud characteristics via aerosol pathways can create a change in the top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing of hundreds of Wm−2. Here we focus on links between aerosol and deep convective clouds of the Atlantic and Pacific Inte...
BACKGROUND Incense and joss stick are generally used in the world. Most products were made in small household factories. There are many environmental and occupational hazards in these factories. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the workplace environmental and occupational hazards in small household incense and joss stick factories in Roi-Et, Thailand. METHODS Nine small household factories in rural ar...
In the present study, the impact of aerosols on the photochemistry in Mexico City is evaluated using the WRFCHEM model for the period from 24 to 29 March during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO campaign. An aerosol radiative module has been developed with detailed consideration of aerosol size, composition, and mixing. The module has been coupled into the WRF-CHEM model to calculate the aerosol optical pr...
Several factors interact in influencing aerosol deposition during mechanical ventilation. Among these factors, the artificial airway is a significant barrier for aerosol deposition. Earlier studies overemphasized the impediments created by the artificial airway to aerosol delivery, because the aerosol generator was placed adjacent to the endotracheal tube or was connected to it. When the aeroso...
The Prehistoric Cave at Azé (France) was divided in two parts by calcite flowstone. This isolated the innermost of cave from entrance, which remained connected to surface. Since closure, bats have not been able access beyond flowstone blockage. They present only entrance. byproducts released had a considerable effect on this entrance part. Gaseous exhalations changed composition surrounding atm...
One of the major uncertainties in the understanding of Earth’s climate system is the interaction between solar radiation and aerosols in the atmosphere. Aerosols exposed to high humidity will change their chemical, physical, and optical properties due to their increased water content. To model hydrated aerosols, atmospheric chemistry and climate models often use the volume weighted mixing rule ...
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