Tirapazamine (TPZ) is a bioreductive drug that exhibits a high degree of selective toxicity toward hypoxic cells, and at doses that are used clinically, little or no cell killing is observed in aerobic cells. Nonetheless, the effects of TPZ on aerobic tissues are still responsible for the dose limitations on the clinical administration of this drug. Clinical side effects include fatigue, muscle...

Diaziquone [AZQ, 2,5-bis(carboethoxyamino)-3,6-diaziridinyl-1,4-benzoquinone] has been investigated for its toxicity toward Chinese hamster ovary cells AA8-4 under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions. Under acute (1-5 h) exposures to 2.5-10 microM AZQ in alpha-medium plus 10% fetal calf serum, AZQ showed an approximately linear concentration x time dependency for cell killing which was 3-4 time...

The properties of a ferric ion-reducing system which catalyzes the reduction of ferric ion with elemental sulfur was investigated with a pure strain of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. In anaerobic conditions, washed intact cells of the strain reduced 6 mol of Fe with 1 mol of elemental sulfur to give 6 mol of Fe, 1 mol of sulfate, and a small amount of sulfite. In aerobic conditions, the 6 mol of Fe...

BACKGROUND The Warburg effect is one of the hallmarks of cancer and rapidly proliferating cells. It is known that the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) and MYC proteins cooperatively regulate expression of the HK2 and PDK1 genes, respectively, in the Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell line P493-6, carrying an inducible MYC gene repression system. However, the mechanism of aerobic glycolysis in B...

We have previously reported the isolation of CHO cell lines resistant to mitomycin C under aerobic conditions of drug exposure. Here it is reported that these cell lines have the same response to mitomycin C under hypoxic conditions as do controls. The cells are shown to have lower levels of DT-diaphorase activity than controls, but similar levels of activity of NADPH:cytochrome c reductase, an...

We have previously reported the isolation of CHO cell lines resistant to mitomycin C under aerobic conditions of drug exposure. Here it is reported that these cell lines have the same response to mitomycin C under hypoxic conditions as do controls. The cells are shown to have lower levels of DT-diaphorase activity than controls, but similar levels of activity of NADPH:cytochrome c reductase, an...

The BACTEC 9240 (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, Md.) automated blood culture system is based on the continuous monitoring of CO2 production by means of a fluorescent sensor attached to the bottom of a culture vial. We compared two media for this system, resin-containing Plus aerobic/F and Lytic anaerobic/F. Sets of Plus aerobic/F and Lytic anaerobic/F vials inoculated with similar volumes (9 +/- 2.5...

In this study, an azo dye (Acid Blue 29 or AB29) was efficiently degraded with acetate as co-substrate into less contaminated biodegraded products using integrated single chamber microbial fuel cell (SMFC)-aerobic bioreactor set-up. The decolorization efficiencies were varied from 91 ± 2% to 94 1.9% and more than 85% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal achieved for all concentrations after ...

Background: Both mitochondrial dysfunction and aerobic glycolysis are signs of growing aggressive cancer. If altered metabolism of cancer cell is intended, using the glycolysis inhibitor (2-deoxyglucose (2DG)) would be a viable therapeutic method. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as a metabolic sensor, could be activated with metformin and it can also launch a p53-dependent metabolic ch...

Background and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute aerobic exercise and 14-days grape seed extract supplementation on total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, and muscle cell damage biomarkers in untrained males. Materials and Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled study, twenty-two male students (age 19±1 years, weight 67.44±7 k...