The fascinating advances in single atom/molecule manipulation with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip allow scientists to fabricate atomic-scale structures or to probe chemical and physical properties of matters at an atomic level. Owing to these advances, it has become possible for the basic chemical reaction steps, such as dissociation, diffusion, adsorption, readsorption, and bond-for...

The property of DNA is strongly influenced by counterions. Packing a dense layer of DNA onto a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) generates an interesting colloidal system with many novel physical properties such as a sharp melting transition, protection of DNA against nucleases, and enhanced complementary DNA binding affinity. In this work, the effect of monovalent cation size is studied. First, for fre...

The interpretation of processes yielding aqueous contaminant removal in the presence of elemental iron (e.g. in Fe(0)/H(2)O systems) is subject to numerous complications. Reductive transformations by Fe(0) and its primary corrosion products (Fe(II) and H/H(2)) as well as adsorption onto and co-precipitation with secondary and tertiary iron corrosion products (iron hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, and...

The energetic barriers that atoms and molecules often experience when binding to surfaces are incredibly important to a myriad of chemical and physical processes. However, these barriers are difficult to describe accurately with current computer simulation approaches. Two prominent contemporary challenges faced by simulation are the role of van der Waals forces and nuclear quantum effects. Here...

All material supplied via Aaltodoc is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not ...

This paper gives an overview about the principles and the technologies used in solid-state gas sensors. These devices work by measuring a physical property changed by adsorption/desorption processes and chemical reactions on the surface of a sensing element, i.e. a solid-state film of a gas-sensitive material. Some of the most used types of solid state gas sensors are here described together wi...

Dick, Elliot C. (Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La.) and William J. Mogabgab. Characteristics of para-influenza 1 (HA-2) virus. III. Antigenic relationships, growth, interaction with erythrocytes, and physical properties. J. Bacteriol. 83:561-571. 1962-Hemagglutination-inhibition tests with rabbit and rooster immune sera showed HA-2-like strains of para-influenza 1 to be nea...

A variety of excipients are used to stabilize proteins, suppress protein aggregation, reduce surface adsorption, or to simply provide physiological osmolality. The stabilizers encompass a wide variety of molecules including sugars, salts, polymers, surfactants, and amino acids, in particular arginine. The effects of these excipients on protein stability in solution are mainly caused by their in...

The solid particles are adsorbed at interfaces and form self-assembled structures when the particles have suitable wettability to both liquids. Here, we show theoretically how the microstructure on the particle surface affects their adsorption properties. The physical properties of the interface adsorbing a particle will be described by taking into account the surface roughness due to the micro...

Xylan is known as a strength-enhancing agent for paper. However, it is difficult to adsorb xylan onto cellulose fibers because it carries the same negative charge as fibers. Therefore, either cationization of xylan or addition of cationic polyelectrolyte is required to maximize the effect of xylan use. In this study, cationic polyelectrolyte was used to promote xylan adsorption onto cellulose f...