An experimental model that produces adrenal cortical hemorrhage with endotoxin has been described. When stimulated by thorotrast, endotoxin, or its tropic hormone (ACTH), the adrenal cortex is susceptible to the development of a hemorrhagic reaction during endotoxemia. The hemorrhagic reaction resembles that described in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. A pathophysiologic mechanism for the...

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are typical examples of multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the regulation immune response, hematopoiesis, inflammation. Both peripheral intraventricular administration these causes acute phase symptoms, e.g. fever, activation hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis psychological depression. The amygdala belongs to structures limbic s...

The relation of adrenal function to hypertension in man is discussed. It is pointed out that hypertension accompanying hyperaldosteronism may recur after removal of the tumor and correction of the electrolyte abnormality. The complex relationship between blood pressure, excretion of sodium loads, total body sodium and aldosterone excretion is emphasized. Results following bilateral adrenalectom...

mainder is concerned with the vestibular system. This book will be of greatest value to clinical and laboratory investigators studying postural control or vestibular function. The twenty-six members of the symposium are prominent investigators from such fields as neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and otolaryngology. The material is based upon published results which appeared up to late 1967. There...

A prolonged administration of glucocorticoids produces adrenal atrophy or hypofunction in man and experimental animals(Winter et al., 1950; Fraser et al., 1952; Lewis et al., 1953; Salassa et al., 1953; Dermatini et al., 1955; Bierich et al., 1959). This adrenal insufficiency has been attributed to a reduced ACTH secretion from the pituitary gland(Sayers and Sayers, 1950). For the prevention of...

Chronic stress by immobilization during gestation can alter several mechanisms that maintain homeostasis in adrenal gland. The aim of this work was to quantify the apoptotic index of adrenal cortex during mid-pregnancy and to prove cytological characteristics by electron microscopy. The apoptotic index did not present significant differences between the adrenal cortex areas of control and exper...

The adrenal gland has characteristic morphological and biochemical features that render it particularly susceptible to the actions of xenobiotics. As is the case with other endocrine organs, the adrenal gland is under the control of upstream organs (hypothalamic-pituitary system) in vivo, often making it difficult to elucidate the mode of toxicity of a test article. It is very important, especi...

The effects of a total extract of adrenal cortex on corticosterone and ACTH plasma levels have been studied in the rat, either during circadian rhythms or in conditions of stress, in comparison to the effects of a synthetic corticosteroid mixture. A total extract of adrenal cortex, acutely and chronically administered at low and high doses, showed an inhibitory effect on plasma steroids and ACT...

BACKGROUND Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia is a rare cause of Cushing's syndrome characterized by the presence of bilateral secretory adrenal nodules. Recent studies have shown that primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia is caused by combined germline and somatic mutations of the ARMC5 gene. Exophthalmos is an underappreciated sign of Cushing's syndrome. CASE PR...

UNLABELLED With 14 figures and 3 tables SUMMARY Each adrenal gland consisted of cortex and medulla that developed from different embryological origins and presented different cellular organization. One hundred male or female camel embryos or fetuses with crown vertebral rump lengths (CVRL) that ranged from 0.8 to 117 cm were examined. The adrenal cortex, which is derived from intermediate mes...