The kinetic properties of the adenosine 5’-diphosphate/adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ADP/ATP) translocator from pea (Pisum sativum l.) root plastids were determined by silicone oi l filtering centrifugation and compared with those of spinach (Spinacia oleracea 1.) chloroplasts and pea leaf mitochondria. In addition, the ADP/ATP transporting activities from the above organelles were reconstituted i...

Previous studies have shown that platelet membranes bind radiolabeled ADP and have nucleoside diphosphokinase activity which transforms added ADP to ATP. In order to further characterize these reactions, the ADP-binding and nucleoside diphosphokinase activity of purified platelet membranes were solubilized by freeze-thaw injury followed by extraction with isotonic buffered saline. Up to 80% of ...

High concentration of extracellular ADP has been reported to induce cell apoptosis, but the molecular mechanisms remain not fully elucidated. In this study, we found by serendipity that ADP treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) down-regulated the protein level of nucleolin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ADP treatment did not...

The kinetic properties of the adenosine 5[prime]-diphosphate/adenosine 5[prime]-triphosphate (ADP/ATP) translocator from pea (Pisum sativum L.) root plastids were determined by silicone oil filtering centrifugation and compared with those of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts and pea leaf mitochondria. In addition, the ADP/ATP transporting activities from the above organelles were reco...

Upon illumination of spinach chloroplasts in the presence of [32P]orthophosphate and AMP and absence of substrate ADP, coupling factor-bound [32P]ADP is formed. This bound r3’P]ADP is stable enough to withstand purification of the coupling factor to homogeneity. However, the ability of this specially bound [““PIADP to serve as the ultimate phosphoryl donor to substrate ADP for the synthesis of ...

ADP is not only a key substrate for ATP generation, but also a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). In this study, we assessed how oxidative stress affects the potency of ADP as an mPTP inhibitor and whether its reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production might be involved. We determined quantitatively the effects of ADP on mitochondrial Ca(2+) retent...

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins. During this process, molecules of ADP-ribose are added successively on to acceptor proteins to form branched polymers. This modification is transient but very extensive in vivo, as polymer chains can reach more than 200 units on protein acceptors. The existence of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymer was first reported nearly 40 y...

Mitochondria are the primary sites of oxygen (O2) consumption and energy metabolism in most cell types, but also produce reactive species (ROS) that contribute to a wide array pathological physiological processes. Accordingly, simultaneous monitoring mitochondrial ROS release rate (OCR) from cells preparations is an attractive investigative approach biological research, particularly when sample...

The effects of adenine nucleotides on pea seed glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) activity were examined as a part of our investigation of the regulation of this octameric plant enzyme. Saturation curves for glutamine synthetase activity versus ATP with ADP as the changing fixed inhibitor were not hyperbolic; greater apparent Vmax values were observed in the presence of added ADP than the Vmax o...

This article is devoted to real-time optimal attitude reorientation control of rigid spacecraft control. Particularly, two typical practical problems—actuator misalignment and forbidden pointing constraints are considered. Within the framework adaptive dynamic programming (ADP), a novel constrained scheme proposed.In this design, special reward function developed characterize environment feedba...