BACKGROUND According to traditional Persian medicine (TPM) resources, the human digestive system includes four steps. In the first step, gastric digestion, the ingested food pours into the stomach and changes into the leachate called chylous due to the heat produced in the stomach. In the second step, hepatic digestion, the chylous enters in the liver through mesenteric vessels and transforms i...

Ferns and their allies also known as the vascular cryptogamic plants have enormous aesthetic value and multifarious scope for exploring the bioactive molecules against various pathogenic causal organisms of bacterial, fungal and microbial origins. In view of the evolutionary trends of plants the Pteridophytes have valuable importance to unearth the number of uncertain hypothesis of evolution. I...

A world health organization survey indicated that about 75-80% of the world’s populations rely on non conventional medicine, mainly of herbal source, in their primary health care. There has been an explosion of scientific information concerning plants, crude extracts and various substances from plants as medicinal agents during last 30-40 years. Nowadays adiantum venustum plant parts are common...

In plant photomorphogenesis, it is well accepted that the perception of red/far-red and blue light is mediated by distinct photoreceptor families, i.e., the phytochromes and blue-light photoreceptors, respectively. Here we describe the discovery of a photoreceptor gene from the fern Adiantum that encodes a protein with features of both phytochrome and NPH1, the putative blue-light receptor for ...

DNA barcoding is a fast-developing technique to identify species by using short and standard DNA sequences. Universal selection of DNA barcodes in ferns remains unresolved. In this study, five plastid regions (rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, trnL-F and rps4-trnS) and eight nuclear regions (ITS, pgiC, gapC, LEAFY, ITS2, IBR3_2, DET1, and SQD1_1) were screened and evaluated in the fern genus Adiantum from...

Although most plant species from algae to flowering plants use blue light for inducing phototropism and chloroplast movement, many ferns, some mosses, and green algae use red as well as blue light for the regulation of these responses, resulting in better sensitivity at low light levels. During their evolution, ferns have created a chimeric photoreceptor (phy3 in Adiantum) between phytochrome (...