9 Abstract Easter Island, a remote island in the Pacific 10 Ocean, is currently primarily covered by grasslands, but 11 paleoecological studies have shown the former presence of 12 different vegetation. Much of its original biota has been 13 removed during the last two millennia, most likely by 14 human activities, and little is known about the native flora. 15 Macrofossil and pollen analyses o...

ABS?RACr.--DNA sequences spanning 1,042 nucleotide bases of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene are reported for all 15 species and selected subspecies of cranes and an outgroup, the Limpkin (Aramus guarauna). Levels of sequence divergence coincide approximately with current taxonomic ranks at the subspecies, species, and subfamilial level, but not at the generic level within Gruinae. In partic...

Background: Galactomannans are the seed polysaccharides also known as gums, mostly isolated from legume endosperm. can easily mix with xanthans by physical association, exhibits synergistic effect and form complex mixtures due to their entangle nature in deferent ratios. Polysaccharides having these properties make them versatile materials which useful different biomedical food applications add...

Originally published in 1967, John H Day’s work ‘A monograph on the Polychaeta of southern Africa’ is still used widely to identify polychaetes. However, ongoing taxonomic revisions have revealed that several putative cosmopolitan or locally widespread taxa contained are complexes species with discrete distributions, globally and locally. This study therefore aimed develop lists taxa, including...

BACKGROUND Gregarines represent an important transition step from free-living predatory (colpodellids s.l.) and/or photosynthetic (Chromera and Vitrella) apicomplexan lineages to the most important pathogens, obligate intracellular parasites of humans and domestic animals such as coccidians and haemosporidians (Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Eimeria, Babesia, etc.). While dozens of genomes of other ap...