The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases regulate many tumorigenesis related cellular processes including cell metabolism, cell survival, cell motility, and angiogenesis. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare type of thyroid cancer with no effective systemic therapy. It has been shown that Akt activation is associated with tumor progression in ATC. Here...

Dominance has been suggested as one of the genetic mechanisms explaining heterosis. However, using traditional quantitative genetic methods it is difficult to obtain accurate estimates of dominance effects. With the availability of dense SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) panels, we now have new opportunities for the detection and use of dominance at individual loci. Thus, the aim of this stu...

The 'dilution effect' (DE) hypothesis predicts that diverse host communities will show reduced disease. The underlying causes of pathogen dilution are complex, because they involve non-additive (driven by host interactions and differential habitat use) and additive (controlled by host species composition) mechanisms. Here, we used measures of complementarity and selection traditionally employed...

PURPOSE To report the long-term clinical outcome in a patient diagnosed as having bilateral progressive keratoconus who received a single corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) treatment in the right eye and repeated CXL in the left eye. METHODS Observational case report. Topographical changes were assessed by high-resolution Scheimpflug imaging. The right eye underwent a standard epithelium-of...

The detectability of a Gabor patch is improved by the presence of collinear flanking Gabors, this phenomenon is termed collinear facilitation. In experiment 1, we investigate the effects of adding 2D spatial luminance noise as a means of investigating different transects through the suprathreshold contrast space to see whether facilitation is ubiquitous throughout the contrast domain or whether...

We investigate the properties of hysteresis cycles produced by a one-dimensional, periodically forced Langevin equation. We show that depending on amplitude and frequency of the forcing and on noise intensity, there are three qualitatively different types of hysteresis cycles. Below a critical noise intensity, the random area enclosed by hysteresis cycles is concentrated near the deterministic ...

Against most test strains of Gram-negative bacilli, the in vitro effect of FR-31564 together with beta-lactam antibiotics or trimethoprim was strongly synergistic; with tetracycline and nalidixic acid the effect was additive; and with gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole the effect was additive or antagonistic. FR-31564 was markedly synergistic with beta-lactam antibiotics against beta-lactam antibi...

The inhibitory effect of neutrophil chemotaxis of gentamicin, tobramycin, and sisomicin was shown. The combined effect of aminoglycosides and histamine was not additive.