Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule required for many physiological functions, produced from L-arginine by NO synthases (NOS). It is a free radical, producing many reactive intermediates that account for its bioactivity. Sustained induction of the inducible form of NOS (iNOS) in chronic inflammation may be mutagenic, through NO-mediated DNA damage or hindrance to DNA repair, and thus potentially ca...

acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) is the most common form of childhood cancer representing 80-85% of all leukemia. we describe a 3 years old girl with pain, swelling and tenderness in extremities since 8 months prior to her present admission. x-ray of extremities revealed callus formation, osteopenia and site of healed fractures. bone marrow aspiration revealed all-l2 with normal peripheral sm...

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy, which accounts for about 15-25% of childhood's leukemia. Genetic factor is one of the most important predisposing elements in childhood acute leukemia, especially AML. In this case report, a rare presentation of familial AML is presented in three monozygotic triplets. Two were 10 months old, and the other one was 16 months old at p...

background:alpha-synuclein is a member of synuclein family of proteins with unidentified function localized in the cytoplasm, mitochondria of neurons, and presynaptic nerve endings. although it is found in the lewy bodies in synucleinopathies and in alzheimer’s disease, the protein could also be considered as a novel marker in diagnosis of diseases related to the hematopoietic system. methods: ...

ubiquitin - proteasome system (ups), the major protein degradation pathway in the cells, typically degrades short - lived and damaged proteins and regulates growth and stress responses. this pathway is altered in various cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all). all begins with a change in bone marrow cells and is the most common type of leukemia in children under 15 years. ube2q1 ...

introduction:  acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) is the most common malignancy in children and the main form of childhood leukemia (75%). all different treatment options have a great impact on children weight and appetite. the improving prognosis for children with cancer refocuses attention to long-term outcomes with an emphasis on quality of life. more survival rate allows researchers to eval...

introduction: acute myeloid leukemia (aml) is a clonal disease characterized by heterogeneous involvement of hematopoietic bone marrow cell populations. in aml patients, a variety of clinical and biologic parameters, including surface markers, have been examinedfor potential value in predicting treatment response and survival. by checking the myeloid, lymphoid and nonspecific markers on the bla...

introduction: the telomeric dna together with its associated  proteins protects the chromosome ends from degradation or aberrant recombination. telomerase and telomere are closely associated with  development of cancers. in this study we aim to investigate the significance of telomerase activity (ta) and telomere length (tl) in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (apl). methods: peripher...

background: the secondary genetic changes other than the promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor (pml-rara) fusion gene may contribute to the acute promyelocytic leukemogenesis. chromosomal alterations and mutation of flt3 (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3) tyrosine kinase receptor are the frequent genetic alterations in acute myeloid leukemia. however, the prognostic significance of flt3 mutat...

background: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) constitutes a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature lymphoblasts arrested at various differentiation stages. increasing evidence suggests that chromosomal defects are present in these patients. the aim of this study is to investigate the chromosomal radiosensitivity in a group of all pa...