Human sound localization in the mid-saggital plane (elevation) relies on an analysis of the idiosyncratic spectral shape cues provided by the head and pinnae. However, because the actual free-field stimulus spectrum is a-priori unknown to the auditory system, the problem of extracting the elevation angle from the sensory spectrum is ill-posed. Here we test different spectral localization models...

Elevation data based on NASA’s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) have been widely used to evaluate threats from global sea level rise, storm surge, and coastal floods. However, SRTM data are known to include large vertical errors in densely urban or densely vegetated areas. The errors may propagate to derived land and population exposure assessments. We compare assessments based on SRTM d...

Background—Defects of the SCN5A gene encoding the cardiac sodium channel are associated with both the LQT3 subtype of long-QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome (BS). The typical manifestations of long-QT syndrome (QT interval prolongation) and BS (ST segment elevation in leads V1 through V3) may coexist in the same patients, which raises questions about the actual differences between LQT3 and BS. I...

Remote sensing images and recent field studies provide important morphological and structural constraints for the BP and Oasis impact structures in Libya. The BP structure (25°19' N, 24°20' E) is highly eroded and appears on satellite images in the form of a set of concentric rings. The rocks are composed of sandstones of the Jurassic to Cretaceous Nubia Formation. The Landsat image allows divi...

Natural timberlines are remarkable indicators of climate conditions. Although potential shifts of climate-driven natural borderlines are discussed in the recent climate change debate, maps of natural timberline elevation in the European Alps are rare and not concordant. Problems are caused primarily by the strong human impact on timberline positions in the Alps. In this paper, approaches for de...

The diversity and versatility of display devices today imposes new demands on digital elevation models (DEMs). This paper proposes a resizing method for 3D visualization of DEMs based on topographic feature. The proposed method improves seaming carving algorithm to resize DEMs instead of images according to the characterristics of DEMs. The proposed resizing method considers not only geometric ...

High precision acquisition of atmospheric parameters from the air or space by means of lidar requires accurate knowledge of laser pointing. Discrepancies between the assumed and actual pointing can introduce large errors due to the Doppler effect or a wrongly assumed air pressure at ground level. In this paper, a method for precisely quantifying these discrepancies for airborne and spaceborne l...

It has been considered that an amount of calcium elevation determines the synaptic plasticity. However, it has been pointed out that simple application of this principle cannot reproduce the timing dependence of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) [1, 2]. A few mechanisms were previously proposed to solve the problem [3, 4]. These are possible mechanisms, but it still remains unclear what ...

Traditional methods used to generate synthetic environment databases for driving simulators often utilize automated software tools for the roadways combined with a lot of manual efforts for feature placement and fine-tuning. Automated tools, although they are much more efficient than manual techniques, have several shortcomings. They produce roadways that have a very regular and repeating appea...

33 Sound localization along the azimuthal dimension depends on interaural time and level 34 disparities, while localization in elevation depends on broadband power spectra resulting from 35 the filtering properties of the head and pinnae. We trained cats with their heads unrestrained 36 using operant conditioning to indicate the apparent locations of sounds via gaze shift. Targets 37 consisted ...