This paper reports the first application of surface enhanced Raman chemical imaging on pharmaceutical tablets containing the active ingredient (API) in very low concentrations. Taking advantage of the extremely intensive Raman signals in the presence of silver colloids, image aquisition time was radically decreased. Moreover, the investigation of drug distribution below the detection limit of r...

In this Laboratory Exercise, we will determine the amount of active ingredient in a commercial face wash; Sodium Salicylate. We will accomplish this by conducting a spectrophotometric analysis of the preparation at the wavelength of maximal absorbance for this compound when complexed with Fe 3+ . The resulting absorbance measurement will be correlated against calibration standards, using Beer’s...

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a leading complement and alternative to synthetic pesticides and a form of sustainable intensification with particular importance for tropical smallholders. Global pesticide use has grown over the past 20 years to 3.5 billion kg/year, amounting to a global market worth $45 billion. The external costs of pesticides are $4-$19 (€3-15) per kg of active ingredien...

In-vitro studies on the efficacy of crude extracts of Aloe secundiflora on Candida albicans was conducted. Five mature leaves of Aloe secundiflora were collected and the crude extract was prepared, then autoclaved. The extract was then tested on Candida albicans grown on solid media. The results from these studies revealed complete inhibition of Candida albicans growth caused by Aloe secundiflo...

The Agricultural Reentry Task Force (ARTF) conducted a study to determine whether different dislodgeable foliar residue (DFR) techniques had any effect on the amount of residues dislodged from the leaves of vegetable crops. Four previously employed techniques were evaluated with two chemicals (carbaryl and methomyl) on two crops (cabbage and lettuce). Carbaryl, a moderately water-soluble chemic...

Serially diluted and agitated (SAD) drugs available commercially are in use with great faith because of the astonishing results they produce. The scientific viewpoint attached to the centuries-old therapy with SAD drugs, as in homeopathy, remained doubtful for want of appropriate research and insufficient evidence base. The conflicting points related to SAD drug mostly related to the level of c...

We analyze the patent filing strategies of foreign pharmaceutical companies in Chile distinguishing between "primary" (active ingredient) and "secondary" patents (patents on modified compounds, formulations, dosages, particular medical uses, etc.). There is prior evidence that secondary patents are used by pharmaceutical originator companies in the U.S. and Europe to extend patent protection on...

A gene has been introduced into soybeans to confer tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide, Roundup (Monsanto Co., St. Louis, Mo.) 1,2 Soybean varieties expressing this trait will enable farmers to use Roundup herbicide within the crop during the growing season. Previous studies have confirmed the safety of the introduced protein (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synth...

This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of a new antimicrobial suture coating. An amphiphilic polymer, poly[(aminoethyl methacrylate)-co-(butyl methacrylate)] (PAMBM), inspired by antimicrobial peptides, was bactericidal against S. aureus in time-kill experiments. PAMBM was then evaluated in a variety of polymer blends using the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) method and showed excellent...

Ultrasonography allows the quantification of dermal density and echogenicity changes during the physiological senescence process. Some active ingredients are able to slow down the tissular degeneration and disorganization process. The purpose of this study was to assess the cutaneous changes induced by the topical use of products containing Viniferol(®) as active ingredient, using high-frequenc...