The conversion of glycerol in supercritical water (SCW) was studied at 510 – 550°C and a pressure of 350 bars using both a bed of inert and non-porous ZrO2 particles (hydrothermal experiments), and a bed of 1 % Ru/ZrO2 catalyst particles. Experiments were conducted with a glycerol concentration of 5 wt% in a continuous isothermal fixed-bed reactor at a residence time between 2 and 10 s. Hydroth...

Direct asymmetric catalytic aldol reactions have been successfully performed using aldehydes and unmodified ketones together with commercially available chiral cyclic secondary amines as catalysts. Structure-based catalyst screening identified L-proline and 5,5-dimethyl thiazolidinium-4-carboxylate (DMTC) as the most powerful amino acid catalysts for the reaction of both acyclic and cyclic keto...

Catalytic refining of bio-oil by reacting with olefin/alcohol over solid acids can convert bio-oil to oxygen-containing fuels. Reactivities of groups of compounds typically present in bio-oil with 1-octene (or 1-butanol) were studied at 120 °C/3 h over Dowex50WX2, Amberlyst15, Amberlyst36, silica sulfuric acid (SSA) and Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 supported on K10 clay (Cs2.5/K10, 30 wt. %). These compoun...

BACKGROUND Conversion of industrial processes to more nature-friendly modes is a crucial subject for achieving sustainable development. Utilization of hydrogen-oxidation reactions by hydrogenase as a driving force of bioprocess reaction can be an environmentally ideal method because the reaction creates no pollutants. We expressed NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Kluyveromyces lactis in...

[1] Measurements of the biogenic hydrocarbons isoprene and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO), their first-, second-, and third-generation photooxidation products methacrolein (MACR), methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), acetone, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal (2-HMPR), glycolaldehyde, hydroxyacetone, methylglyoxal, and glyoxal, and carbon monoxide (CO), were obtained above a ponderosa pine plantation, near the Blo...

The effect of ruthenium on the physico-chemical properties of CeZr and CeZrCo mixed oxides for H2 production by glycerol steam reforming reaction has been studied. The combination of in situ Raman spectroscopy under both reductive and oxidative conditions, H2/O2 pulses and XRD, Raman, BET analysis, H2-TPR and TPD-TPO analyses contributed to the determination of the structural and textural prope...

BACKGROUND Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus is a thermophilic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming, strictly anaerobic bacterium of interest in potential industrial applications, including the production of biofuels such as hydrogen or ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass through fermentation. High-resolution, solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a useful method for ...

The formation of acrylamide (AA) from L-asparagine was studied in Maillard model systems under pyrolysis conditions. While the early Maillard intermediate N-glucosylasparagine generated approximately 2.4 mmol/mol AA, the Amadori compound was a less efficient precursor (0.1 mmol/mol). Reaction with alpha-dicarbonyls resulted in relatively low AA amounts (0.2-0.5 mmol/mol), suggesting that the St...

[1] This work evaluates the sensitivity of tropospheric ozone and its precursors to the representation of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and organic nitrates. A global 3-D tropospheric chemistry/transport model (IMPACT) has been exercised initially using the GEOS-Chem chemical reaction mechanism. The model was then extended by adding emissions and photochemical reactions for aro...

It has been determined that Escherichia coli and the four Shigella species (except S. boydii scrotype 13) form a single genomospecies (Bren-ner, 1984). E. coil and the so-called Shigella species are biochemically and serologically closely related (Ewing, 1986). The "O" antigens of many serotypes of Shigella are either identical to or closely related to those of 17,. coli (Ewing, 1986). The bioc...