eCommerce of the Business-to-Business (B2B) type requires comprehensive contract negotiations depending entirely on a contract schema, which must be developed in advance. Contract sche-mas are modeled according to bill-of-materials. Undefined contract parts are not allowed (Closed World Assumption). In the focus of the discussions are implications, i.e. the contract parts are not independent of...

The attribution rules are the first technical means by which law applicable to disputes with a foreign element is Since rule raised in international determined, Including electronic information supply contract disputes, service contract, often associated more than one Where I concluded through Internet legal system, Among controls between two parties of different nationalities, that judge relie...

documentary credit or letter of credit (lc) is one of the methods of payment in international commerce. the documentary credit is a binding commitment from the issuing bank to pay a sum of money to the beneficiary on certain conditions. the applicant needs to contract with an issuing bank to open a lc. the legal nature of such contract is a controversy issue and thus different opinions are brou...

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The topic of this paper is the consent a third party to conclusion contract. current lack interest legal science in institution third-party contract consequence its scattered normative regulation. Considering required often, numerous and diverse cases, it sporadically regulated parts regulations governing these contracts. Given large number cases where required, individual contracts for which r...

assistive technologies have always opened new horizons in human’s life, posed solutions to problems and brought relief and prosperity for human beings. iranian judicial authorities have recently recognized the importance of medical technologies. accordingly, iranian legal system has recognized surrogacy and a surrogacy contract seems unavoidable for surrogacy to be legally valid, socially accep...

when the parties enter into a contract, they are obliged to implement its obligations, but sometimes events occur that make it impossible to execute the contract or runtime status than the time of conclusion of the contract is fundamentally different. these events are referred to as legal excuses if eligible, the parties are exempt from the obligations and responsibilities. the most important l...