Abstract In its simplest form determination of the cost of transmission system congestion is rather straightforward. Assuming complete knowledge of the power system inputs, such as the loads at all system buses, and that the generators bid in their actual costs (i.e., they are not taking advantage of localized market power), then the hourly short-term cost of transmission congestion is the diff...

In the current study, oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF)-based hydrogels were tested for the first time as injectable bone substitute materials. The primary feature of the material design was the incorporation of calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix in order to compare the soft tissue response and bone-forming capacity of plain OPF hydrogels with CaP-enrich...

This paper describes an open-flower mutant, designated opf, that we discovered in a genetic screen of fast neutron bombardment mutants in an attempt at floral-dip transformation of Melilotus alba (Fabaceae; white sweetclover), an alternative papilionoid legume host for Sinorhizobium meliloti. The opf mutant developed flowers with reflexed sepals and petals, thereby exposing the stamens and carp...

This paper presents the practical implementation of Phase-Shifting Transformer (PST) model into an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem by using the Matlab optimization toolbox. The complexity degree related to the proposed implementation is equivalent to that required by commercial optimization packages for solving optimization models, but with the advantage that Matlab is commonly the available s...

This paper presents the integration of the Voltage Source Converted-High Voltage Direct Current model| (VSCHVDC) into a conventional Optimal Power Flow (OPF) formulation. The assembled VSC-HVDC-OPF model is computationally implemented and solved by using the Matlab ® optimization toolbox. In this sense, the development complexity degree of the proposed implementation is equivalent to that requi...

To cope with increasing uncertainty from renewable generation and flexible load, grid operators need to solve alternative current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problems more frequently for efficient reliable operation. In this article, we develop a deep neural network (DNN) approach, called DeepOPF, solving AC-OPF in fraction of the time used by conventional iterative solvers. A key difficulty ap...

This paper presents a method for the optimal siting, and sizing of energy storage systems (ESSs) in active distribution networks (ADNs) to achieve their dispatchability. The problem formulation accounts uncertainty inherent stochastic nature distributed sources, loads. Thanks operation ESSs, main optimization objective is minimize dispatch error, which mismatch between realization, prediction p...