This article describes the influence of infectious diseases on ancient maritime navigation and the early attempts to prevent their spread with legal regulations. In ancient times, the greatest health hazard for sailors were poor hygienic conditions, water supply, nutrition, accommodation, air, and lighting on board. These conditions favoured the development and transmission of infectious diseas...

this article reviews the ancient symbolic world, shia and modernity believes in iranian’s mind which are historical link between ancient symbolic world and shie. since the late nineteenth century with the modernization, for exampel civilization, constitutional movement and palavi government, gap created in iranians mind. dispite this gap, iranians mind have symbolic characteristics and are not ...

Innovative interventions addressing childhood obesity are needed to capture the attention of youth living in a multi-media environment. The purpose of this paper is to describe the qualitative study that was conducted to inform the development of an appealing manga comic (Japanese comic art) to promote fruit consumption in youth and the process of creating the comic. Seven focus groups and two ...

Comics and manga are one of the most popular and familiar forms of graphic content over the world and play a major role in spreading country’s culture. Nowadays, massive digitization allow page-per-page mobile reading but we believe that other usages will be released in the near future. In this paper, we focus on speech balloon segmentation which is a key issue for text/graphic association in s...

DNA from ancient human remains provides perspectives on the origin of our species and the relationship between molecular and morphological variation. We report analysis of mtDNA from the remains of 10 ancient Australians. These include the morphologically gracile Lake Mungo 3 [ approximately 60 thousand years (ka) before present] and three other gracile individuals from Holocene deposits at Wil...

Parasites!, a 2010 comic sponsored by the Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, demonstrates that a graphic narrative can play a role in energizing public debate. Part of the genre known as graphic medicine-comics about illness, treatment, disability, and caregiving-Parasites! is intended to educate readers of all ages about illnesses less known in the developed world. Two visual st...