نتایج جستجو برای: abstinence

تعداد نتایج: 6790  

2014
Cristina Irimia Roxanne N. Tuong Tammy Quach Loren H. Parsons Harriet de Wit

Impaired cognitive processing is a hallmark of addiction. In particular, deficits in inhibitory control can propel continued drug use despite adverse consequences. Clinical evidence shows that detoxified alcoholics exhibit poor inhibitory control in the Continuous Performance Task (CPT) and related tests of motor impulsivity. Animal models may provide important insight into the neural mechanism...

Journal: :Biological psychiatry 2005
Jiansong Xu Adrianna Mendrek Mark S Cohen John Monterosso Paul Rodriguez Sara L Simon Arthur Brody Murray Jarvik Catherine P Domier Richard Olmstead Monique Ernst Edythe D London

BACKGROUND When nicotine-dependent human subjects abstain from cigarette smoking, they exhibit deficits in working memory. An understanding of the neural substrates of such impairments may help to understand how nicotine affects cognition. Our aim, therefore, was to identify abnormalities in the circuitry that mediates working memory in nicotine-dependent subjects after they initiate abstinence...

2013
Lenka Stepankova Eva Kralikova Kamila Zvolska Alexandra Kmetova Milan Blaha Zbynek Bortlicek Michal Sticha Martin Anders Darrell R. Schroeder Ivana T. Croghan

INTRODUCTION Higher prevalence of smoking among depressed patients, as well as the risk of depression in smokers, is well documented. The proportion of patients with a history of depression among those seeking intensive treatment of tobacco dependence is also high. In contrast, evidence of treatment success in this subgroup of patients is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare smok...

2009
Colin Cannonier Naci Mocan

Title V, section 510 of the Social Security Act, passed in 1996 and implemented in 1998, appropriates funding to states for the purpose of educating minors on the benefits of abstinence before marriage. Despite considerable research on the impact of abstinence education on teen fertility outcomes, good quality population-level studies on state abstinence education using panel data are absent. T...

Journal: :Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology 2005
Christopher J Correia Stacey C Sigmon Kenneth Silverman George Bigelow Maxine L Stitzer

Studies on the use of shaping procedures to increase rates of cocaine abstinence have produced promising results. This study used a Brief Abstinence Test to examine the impact of reinforcement for initial reductions in cocaine use on a subsequent abstinence reinforcement test. Methadone maintenance patients showing evidence of cocaine use were exposed to two 1-week reinforcement conditions. Dur...

Journal: :Hepatology 2017
José Altamirano Hugo López-Pelayo Javier Michelena Patricia D Jones Lluisa Ortega Pere Ginès Juan Caballería Antoni Gual Ramón Bataller Anna Lligoña

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is the most severe form of alcoholic liver disease. Most studies have focused on short-term prognosis, whereas factors associated with long-term survival are largely unknown. The aims of our study were to (1) determine the impact of complete abstinence from alcohol on long-term survival and (2) identify prognostic factors at admission capable of predicting abstinence du...

Journal: :The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners 2011
Nat M J Wright Laura Sheard Clive E Adams Bruno J Rushforth Wendy Harrison Nicole Bound Roger Hart Charlotte N E Tompkins

BACKGROUND Many opiate users require prescribed medication to help them achieve abstinence, commonly taking the form of a detoxification regime. In UK prisons, drug users are nearly universally treated for their opiate use by primary care clinicians, and once released access GP services where 40% of practices now treat drug users. There is a paucity of evidence evaluating methadone and bupreno...

Journal: :Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology 2015
Spencer Bujarski Daniel J O Roche Erin S Sheets Jennifer L Krull Iris Guzman Lara A Ray

Despite the critical role of withdrawal, craving, and positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) in smoking relapse, relatively little is known about the temporal and predictive relationship between these constructs within the first day of abstinence. This pilot study aims to characterize dynamic changes in withdrawal, craving, and affect over the course of early abstinence using ecological ...

Journal: :Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2015
Rebecca L Ashare Joseph W Kable

INTRODUCTION Nicotine withdrawal leads to impulsive decision-making, which reflects a preference for smaller, immediate rewards and often prompts a relapse to smoking. The mechanism by which nicotine withdrawal leads to impulsive decision-making is not well known. An essential dimension of decision-making is time perception. Impulsive decisions reflect intolerance of temporal delays and the per...

Journal: :Addictive behaviors 2007
Adam M Leventhal Andrew J Waters Susan Boyd Eric T Moolchan Stephen J Heishman Caryn Lerman Wallace B Pickworth

This study examined associations between three temperament dimensions measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory-125 [Cloninger, C.R. (1992). The Temperament and Character Inventory-125 (TCI-125; Version 1.)] and tobacco abstinence effects. Smokers (N=203, >/= 15 cigarettes/day) attended two laboratory sessions, one following 12 h of abstinence and the other following ad libitum smokin...

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