Traditionally, intestinal glucose absorption was thought to occur through active, carrier-mediated transport. However, proponents of paracellular transport have argued that previous experiments neglected effects of solvent drag coming from high local concentrations of glucose at the brush-border membrane. The purpose of this study was to evaluate glucose absorption in the awake dog under condit...

Because it is difficult to achieve local drug activity following administration by the conventional intravenous and oral routes, I sought to develop a new route of administration utilizing drug absorption from the liver surface in order to target that organ. Although direct application to the liver surface should yield local drug distribution, drug absorption from the liver surface has not been...

Humans cannot synthesize fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin E and vitamin K. For this reason, they must be obtained from the diet via intestinal absorption. As the deficiency or excess of these vitamins has been reported to cause several types of diseases and disorders in humans, the intestinal absorption of these nutrients must be properly regulated to ensure good health. However, the mechan...

Previous studies have shown two components of glucose absorption in the small intestine: a secondary active transport through SGLT1, and unsaturated component, recently attributed mainly to the facilitated diffusion through GLUT2, but the relationship between these two components under physiological conditions remains controversial. In chronic experiments on nonanesthetized rats we investigated...

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model was developed to simulate the concentration and effects of low-level chemical warfare agents (CWA) in the Göttingen minipig. The model code was written to account for absorption of CWAs from multiple sites (respiratory tract – lower and upper, dermal, ocular) after vapor exposure. Literature references to minipig physiology...

Recent evidence points to protein kinase C isoforms as highly specific receptors for aldosterone and estradiol in epithelia. The end targets of the kinase activation are Na(+)/H(+) exchange and K(+) and Ca(2+) channels. The physiological role of the nongenomic response is to increase electrolyte absorption and inhibit secretion in pluripotential epithelia.

The estimation of total protein and total sugars of cucumber, mango, paddy, radish and tomato seeds in dry, wet and germinating conditions were studied. Also the results are discussed in the light of possible physiological and bio - chemical change taking place inside the seeds during the process of absorption and germination.

A strain of the aerobic anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria was isolated from a deep-ocean hydrothermal vent plume environment. The in vivo absorption spectra of cells indicate the presence of bacteriochlorophyll a incorporated into light-harvesting complex I and a reaction center. The general morphological and physiological characteristics of this new isolate are described.

Alcohol is a commonly used drug that has many important health consequences. To understand its physiological effects and predict drug interactions it is important to understanding alcohol’s pharmacokinetics and the factors that influence it. A brief review of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of alcohol is provided. Along with a discussion of important factors that influen...

The transient thermoelectric method was employed to determine the ultrasonic absorption coefficient of excised bovine, canine, feline, murine, ovine, and porcine ovaries at 1 MHz. The dynamics of the organ yields significant variations with physiological stage and structure. Values ranged from 0.017 cm-1 for the follicle to 0.050 cm-1 for the corpus luteum, largely reflecting macromolecular con...