This article proposes a measurement system controlled by microcontroller unit (MCU) for the electronic reading of mechanical gas meter. The relies on dual magnetic sensing: 1) low-cost low-power primary sensing based reed switches connected to digital inputs MCU, and 2) secondary Hall-effect sensors analogue MCU. In addition, both strategies have an active passive element achieve output insensi...

The variability of peak flow measurements was studied in 24 patients with airway obstruction, using 12 Assess peak flow meters and a Fleisch pneumotachograph type 4 as a standard. The Assess peak flow meter gave systematic under-readings of 19-34% (low accuracy). The value scale of the Assess peak flow meter should be adjusted. As systematic under-readings do not influence the variability in pe...

Some common analog-to-digital conversion techniques, and ben-etits derived trom dual slope as used in the new digital instrument. Drcrrar voLTMETERS DTFFER BASTcALLy from the commonly used analog voltmeters in one respect-their display or readout is a numeric display rather than a meter indication. Analog voltmeters seldom have accuracies greater than about 0.25%, and to achieve even these accu...

Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) is the remote collection of consumption data from customer’s utility meters over telecommunications, radio, power line and other links. AMR provides water, electric and gas utility−service companies the opportunities to streamline metering, billing and collection activities, increase operational efficiency and improve customer service. Utility company uses technolo...

the aim of this study was to evaluate genotype×environment interaction (gei) of chlorophyll meter readings (spad) of ten durum wheat cultivars, using data obtained from multi-environment trials during two years, at eight locations. stability and genotypic superiority for spad reading was identified using anova and gge biplot analysis. furthermore, the interrelationships among spad reading and o...