We investigated the compartmentalized intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B and its lipid formulations in healthy rabbits. Cohorts of three to seven noninfected, catheterized rabbits received 1 mg of amphotericin B deoxycholate (DAMB) per kg of body weight or 5 mg of either amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD), amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), or liposomal amphotericin B (...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of three antifungal preparations, amphotericin B, liposomal amphotericin B (LamB) and amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD), in the treatment of neonatal Candida bloodstream infection (CBSI). PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit from 1996 to 2000 with CBSI...

Standard therapy of human visceral leishmaniasis with parenteral pentavalent antimonial agents is generally curative but has the disadvantages of a 28-day treatment course, occasional treatment failures, and toxicity. The antifungal and antileishmanial agent amphotericin B has been complexed with lipids to develop a less toxic formulation of amphotericin B. Because lipid particles are phagocyti...

The California, ABCD, and ABCD2 risk scores (ABCD system) were developed to help stratify short-term stroke risk in patients with TIA (transient ischemic attack). Beyond this scope, the ABCD system has been extensively used to study other prognostic information such as DWI (diffusion-weighted imaging) abnormalities, large artery stenosis, atrial fibrillation and its diagnostic accuracy in TIA p...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The ABCD(2) score predicts the early risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack. The early risk of recurrence after minor stroke is as high but the only validated prognostic scores for use in minor stroke predict long-term risk of recurrence: the Essen Stroke Risk Score and the Stroke Prognosis Instrument II. METHODS We determined the prognostic value of the ABCD(2)...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The ABCD(2) score has been shown to predict the early risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack (TIA). The additional predictive value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and TIA etiology is not well known. METHODS From January 2003 to June 2007, 343 consecutive patients (mean+/-SD age, 62.4+/-15.4 years) with TIA were admitted to our stroke unit. Most (339) patien...

OBJECTIVE To assess 4 dermoscopy methods in a nonexpert setting. DESIGN Sixty-one medical practitioners, mainly primary care physicians in Australia, were trained in 4 dermoscopy algorithms. Participants then assessed macroscopic and dermoscopic images of 40 melanocytic skin lesions. Each of the dermoscopic images was assessed with pattern analysis, the 7-point checklist, the ABCD rule, and t...

See related article, pages 1710–1714. The understanding of transient ischemic attack (TIA) has changed. The high early risk of stroke demands rapid assessment and treatment. Some patients, such as those with TIA attributable to an active carotid artery plaque, appear to be at higher risk than others.1 The direct result of this paradigm shift is the need to develop tools for stratifying patients...

We present a new, simple proof of existence for the Lanczos spinor potential in 3+1 dimensions that introduces a potential T ABCD = T (ABC)D of the Lanczos potential together with several generalizations to other index configurations and metric signatures. The potential T ABCD can also be used to express, in a concise way, the gauge freedom left in the Lanczos potential after the differential g...