A political and economic strategy is one of the forms social adaptation to external conditions unconsciously or consciously adopted in society. There are two main strategies all types societies from states groups at different levels integration (from households above): network corporate ways. But only them can dominate under specific historical conditions. The may be clearly seen funeral ritual...

shikārnāmeh-ye malikshāhī (the malikshāhī book of hunting) which is also known as shikārnāmeh-ye khusrawī, is a book prepared in the 5th ah/11th ad century by malikshāh’s order and niẓām al-mulk’s patronage. the book’s actual redaction is due to abū al-ḥassan niyshābūrī. this book refers to many other books on falconry and hunting (bāznāmeh and shikārnāmeh) especially the translation of the “sh...

khoy, one of the major cities in the west azarbaijan province is known for its nature, military, border positions, proximity to the silk road, including many different cultures and overall is one of the important settlements in the area. this essay investigates khoy city’s expansion, from early islam until late qajar (fourth - fourteenth century) according to historical documents. this article ...

Khoy, one of the major cities in the west Azarbaijan province is known for its nature, military, border positions, proximity to the Silk Road, including many different cultures and overall is one of the important settlements in the area. This essay investigates Khoy city’s expansion, from early Islam until late Qajar (Fourth - Fourteenth century) according to historical documents. This article ...

The beginning of metallurgy in the ancient Near East attracts much attention. The southern Levant, with the rich assemblage of copper artifacts from the Nahal Mishmar cave and the unique gold rings of the Nahal Qanah cave, is regarded as a main center of early metallurgy during the second half of the 5th millennium CalBC. However, a recently discovered copper awl from a Middle Chalcolithic buri...

This study aims to investigate middle school students’ perceptions of history science. The participants were a total 140 students who studied at 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade levels. A Word-Association-Test (WAT) was used collect data. After data collection, frequencies response-words determined. By using cut-point technique, concept webs drawn. According the findings, most different gathered fro...