The objective of this study was to identify measures appropriate to estimate travel time reliability and apply them to study the reliability of travel time under varying freeway operating conditions. More specifically, a case study was undertaken to study travel time reliability along the I-65 corridor in the State of Alabama. The objectives of this study were to: a) Calculate reliability metri...

The influence of the different properties gas diffusion layer (GDL) on operation a liquid-cooled, proton-exchange polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) has been studied in this work. Three-dimensional numerical simulations (CFD) have conducted to compare several commercial GDLs with properties, analyzing their performance. Specifically, four (AvCarb P-75, SIGRACET 34BC, 34BA and Toray TGP-H-090...

A general game player is a system that can play previously unknown games just by being given their rules. For this purpose, the Game Description Language (GDL) has been developed as a high-level knowledge representation formalism to communicate game rules to players. In this paper, we address a fundamental limitation of state-of-the-art methods and systems for General Game Playing, namely, thei...

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a key regulatory molecule that has been targeted in human cancers, including melanoma. In clinical testing, Abs against PD-1 have resulted in psoriasiform dermatitis (PsD). To determine whether PD-1 regulates PsD, we compared skin responses of PD-1-deficient (PD-1KO) mice and wild-type (WT) controls in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced murine model of psoriasis. PD-1K...

Gas diffusion layers are essential components of proton exchange membrane fuel cell since the reactants should pass through these layers. Mass transport in these layers is highly dependent on porosity. Many of simulations have assumed, for simplicity, the porosity of GDL is constant, but in practice, there is a considerable variation in porosity along gas diffusion layers. In the present study ...

The two-phase flow in the gas channels of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is studied with an ex situ setup using a gas diffusion layer (GDL) as the sidewall of the channels. Air is supplied at the channel inlet manifold and water is supplied continuously and uniformly through the GDL along the length of the channel. This is different from the simultaneous air and water introduction...

• 3D Lattice Boltzmann simulation of the flow on cathode side a micro PEFC at wet and dry operating conditions. X-ray tomographic assessment serpentine channel geometry porous structure GDL. A GDL leads to higher magnitude cross-flows under ribs, transferring gas from one straight next. The normalized local accumulated along are substantially in compared In electrochemically cells, rib will rec...

A versatile ion release mediated by GDL is demonstrated to achieve a controlled homogeneous crosslinking of alginate chains, which is critical for the synthesis of highly stretchable and notch-insensitive hybrid hydrogels with controlled properties.

Cytokine components of Th17 pathway play vital roles in human psoriasis. Although much is known about TCR αβ T cells in psoriasis, the role of unconventional T cells, including γδ T cells, is unclear. In this study, using an IL-23 skin injection model of psoriasiform dermatitis in mice, we demonstrate that IL-22, IL-17A, and the IL-23R were highly enriched in a population of CCR6(+), TCR γδ-low...