We present a low-loss, compact, polarization insensitive 3-dB optical power-splitter for submicron silicon waveguides. The splitter is optimized over broad wavelength span ranging from 1300 to 1700 nm through finite difference time domain simulations. junction footprint only 1.8 × 1.3 ?m, which smaller than previously reported broadband multimode splitters. Furthermore, the demonstrated device ...

Two modes are being considered for a 50 on 50-GeV muon collider: one being a high-luminosity ring with broad momentum acceptance (dp/p of ∼ 0.12%, rms) and the other lower luminosity with narrow momentum acceptance (dp/p of ∼ 0.003%, rms), or Higgs Factory. To reach the design luminosities, the value of beta at collision in the two rings must be 4 cm and 14 cm, respectively. In addition, the bu...

Livestock is an important sector of agriculture, but good quality forage is one of the major limiting factors for the growth of this industry. Studies were conducted to compare the forage quality of maize and legumes sown in pure stand and in mixture in randomized complete blocks during 2005 and 2006 at the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Maize (Zea mays L.) and three legumes [c...

Maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays), one of the most important agricultural crops in the world, originated by hybridization of two closely related progenitors. To investigate the fate of its genes after tetraploidization, we analyzed the sequence of five duplicated regions from different chromosomal locations. We also compared corresponding regions from sorghum and rice, two important crops that have...

Mycotoxins affect poultry production by being present in the feed and directly causing a negative impact on bird performance. Carry-over rates of mycotoxins in animal products are, in general, small (except for aflatoxins in milk and eggs) therefore representing a small source of mycotoxins for humans. Mycotoxins present directly in human food represent a much higher risk. The contamination of ...

A summer-planted crop of alyceelover significantly (P < 0.05) increased the soil abundance of Meloidogyne arenaria race 2 juveniles by 3.7-fold when measured in the following spring. Maize, sorghum, and soybean had no significant effects on residual nematode numbers over the same period. Summer plantings of aeschynomene, cotton, hairy indigo, tespedeza, millet, peanut, and sorghum-sudangrass we...

The aim of this study was to grow maize with quinoa plants as an alternative in intercropping system and determine the effects different plant mixtures on production. For purpose, a trial carried out coastal Aegean region (Aydın Province) Turkey under Mediterranean climate conditions. In addition 100% (monocultures), 3 (75% maize-25% quinoa, 50% maize-50% 25% maize-75% quinoa) were also created...