Conspecific pollen precedence can be a strong reproductive barrier between polyploid and diploid species, but the role of genome multiplication in the evolution of this barrier has not been investigated. Here, we examine the direct effect of genome duplication on the evolution of pollen siring success in tetraploid Chamerion angustifolium. To separate the effects of genome duplication from sele...

Subset 0x 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x 6x 7x 8x 9x Ax Bx Cx Dx Ex Fx 0x 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2x 0 4 −2 2 −2 2 −4 0 4 0 2 −2 2 −2 0 −4 3x 0 0 −2 6 −2 −2 4 −4 0 0 −2 6 −2 −2 4 −4 4x 0 2 −2 0 0 2 −2 0 0 2 2 4 −4 −2 −2 0 5x 0 2 2 −4 0 10 −6 −4 0 2 −10 0 4 −2 2 4 6x 0 −2 −4 −6 −2 −4 2 0 0 −2 0 −2 −6 −8 2 0 7x 0 2 0 2 −2 8 6 0 −4 6 0 −6 −2 0 −6 −4 8x 0 0 2 6 0 0 −2 −6...

in this study the original mitotic chromosome counts are presented for 5 onobrychis species of o. sect. onobrychis in iran, 2n = 2x = 14 for o. persica, 2n = 4x = 28 for o. viciifolia, 2n = 4x = 28 for o. altissima, 2n = 2x = 14 for o. shahpurensis and 2n = 2x = 14 for o. sosnovskyi. the basic chromosome numbers of all studied taxa are consistent with the proposed base number of x = 7. in addit...

the production of colony-stimulating factors (csf) is delicately controlled through a complex network of humoral and environmental factors. we have studied some of the mechanisms which regulate the production of csf as compared to general protein synthesis in the lung tissue ill vitro. when lung tissue from mice was cultured for various times in serum free medium, the first detectable level of ...

BACKGROUND The milk yield can be affected by the frequency of milking per day, in dairy cows. Previous studies have shown that the milk yield is increased by 6-25 % per lactation when the milking frequency is increased from 2 to 3 times per day while the somatic cell count is decreased. To investigate the effect of milking frequency (3X vs. 4X) on milk yield and it's genetic parameters in the f...

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) testing represents a simple in vivo method for monitoring cellular immune responses. In a phase II clinical trial on HIV-infected patients (n = 38) of the peptide-based HIV-1 immunotherapy candidate Vacc-4x, we monitored DTH responses to three antigen concentrations of Vacc-4x. We have shown that DTH can be used quantitatively to measure immune reactions to V...

In dairy cows, increased milking frequency (IMF) during early lactation stimulates an increase in milk yield that partially persists through the remainder of lactation. However, the effects of IMF on lactation performance and udder health of primiparous heifers have not been clearly established. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of IMF during early lactation on milk yield...