Multiple anthropogenic stressors rarely overlap in perfect synchrony time, yet most research quantifying how they interact assumes that do.Stressor sequence and the degree of temporal will have implications for ecological memory – influence past on future responses from genes to ecosystems.Adding this complexity, organisms with different generation times experience multiple (and which time) way...

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ‘Spunta’ plants were grown with the root zone covered by different types of polyethylene plastic mulches. The plastic mulches used were transparent, white, co-extruded black and white, and black. As a control, plants were grown without plastic mulch. The parameters analyzed were soil temperature, root concentration of K and Ca, and enzymatic activities of ATPase an...

The advantages of amphibians and reptiles (herpetofauna) as vertebrate indicators of environmental change is increasingly recognized, and their use for this purpose is becoming more common. However, herpetofauna consists of a broad range of species with very diverse natural histories, making the design of a strategy for sampling entire assemblages challenging. We developed a hierarchical, 4-tie...

Hedgehog (Hh) proteins belong to a class of morphogens involved in many biological processes during embry-onic development; they are relatively silent during normal adult life although they may be recruited postnatally in re-sponse to tissue injury. Three secreted proteins have been identified: Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Desert hedgehog and Indianhedgehog. The interaction of Hh ligand wi...