PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the ophthalmic additives responsible for modulating acute corneal epithelial toxicity induced by benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and investigate the ability of polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 40 (HCO-40) and polysorbate 80 (PS-80) to reduce the corneal toxicity and antimicrobial effects of BAC. METHODS Cytotoxicity of the additives, which inclu...

Traditionally, diffused infrared configuration has been studied with the assumption that the illuminated region is placed at room ceiling. This is done to ensure minimum path loss to a maximum number of receiver locations. In many practical situations, this arrangement might be difficult to implement, either due to the ceiling structure or the difficulty in illuminating the entire ceiling unifo...

Intranasal insulin administration may improve cognitive function in patients with dementia and prevent problems after surgery. Although the metabolic effects of intranasal non-surgical have been studied, its influence on glucose concentration during surgery is unknown. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-contolled trial scheduled for elective cardiac Patients type 2 diabetes mellit...

There will be more than twice as many old people aged over 80 years old in 2050 than there are now (Figure 1). The share in the population will rise from 3.9% in 2010 to 10% in 2050 across OECD countries; and from 4.7%to 11.3% across 27 EU Member States. Between one quarter and one half of them will need help in their daily lives. Yet governments are struggling to deliver highquality care to th...