ion and Refinement The reasons that ontologies are altered are very often concerned with the fact that too much or, more often, too little detail has been included in the ontology. This creates the need to remove detail performing an abstraction of the ontology, or add detail performing a refinement. Notions of abstractions are often quite vague, but the theory of abstracting first-order ontolo...

In this paper, we provide a semantic study of the first-order predicate logic for situations involving uncertainty. We introduce the concepts of uncertain predicate proposition, uncertain predicate formula, uncertain interpretation and degree of truth in the framework of uncertainty theory. Compared with classical predicate formula taking true value in {0, 1}, the degree of truth of uncertain p...

Logical constructions in speech of 4-6 years old children are investigated by using the dialog system DST for transformation of the natural language texts. The research has brought up the point, that children are able to operate both on the first-level (predicate) calculus, and higher-level predicate calculus – that means formulas creation. It is remarkable how the constructs of making conclusi...

Predicate classes are a new linguistic construct designed to complement normal classes in objectoriented languages. Like a normal class, a predicate class has a set of superclasses, methods, and instance variables. However, unlike a normal class, an object is automatically an instance of a predicate class whenever it satisfies a predicate expression associated with the predicate class. The pred...

Predicate logic is a sub-discipline of logic that had its roots in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, though it had to wait until the second decade of the twentieth century for a solid foundation. Like any other logic, it is concerned with the validity of arguments, though not of any kind: its interest lies in reasoning about what is universally true. As such, predicate logic is especi...